A versatile synthetic platform for amphiphilic nanogels with tunable hydrophobicity

Gruber, AD; Işık, Doğuş; Fontanezi, Bianca Bueno; Böttcher, Christoph; Schäfer‐Korting, Monika; Klinger, Daniel

doi:10.1039/c8py01123k

Cited by 29 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For this PPFPMA, reactive precursor particles were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization and postmodified in a second step with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups. Since all nanogels originated from the same precursor particles, amphiphilic nanogels with different degree of amphiphilicity but similar colloidal features were obtained and investigated with respect to their loading and release profile for the hydrophobic model compound nile red as well as to their protein corona formation ( Figure ) …”

Section: Active Esters In Particle Analogous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic representation of a library preparation of amphiphilic nanogels with similar colloidal features based on polypentafluorophenyl methacrylate precursor particles. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Active Esters In Particle Analogous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good solvent for polymer and reagents will enable swelling of the precursor architectures, thus leading to a complete, interior and exterior, modification. [16][17][18][19] This effect was shown by Walther and co-workers who conducted postmodification of reactive particles in a good solvent for the particle forming polymer. The swollen network allows easy access of the reactants to all reactive sites, thus resulting in a complete functionalization.…”

Section: Influence Of Precursor Particle Structure On Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, starting from the same parent precursor, particle libraries with different functionalities but similar colloidal features can be obtained. [18,19]…”

Section: Functionalization Of Crosslinked Hydrophobic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In analogy to the nanogel functionalization, postmodification of hydrophobic particles enables the introduction of new functionalities to the polymeric network, that cannot be incorporated via standard preparation methods. Furthermore, starting from the same parent precursor, particle libraries with different functionalities but similar colloidal features can be obtained …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive Precursor Particles as Synthetic Platform for the Generation of Functional Nanoparticles, Nanogels, and Microgels

Gruber

Navarro

Klinger

2019

Adv Materials Inter

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Precise control of the chemical functionality of polymer nanoparticles is a key requirement in tailoring their (dynamic) colloidal properties toward advanced applications. However, current synthetic techniques are still limited in the versatility of chemical design and preparation of such functional colloidal nanomaterials. Two major challenges remain: First, various particle preparation methods are restricted in their functional group tolerance, thus hindering certain combinations of polymer backbones with specific functional groups. Second, the preparation of particles with different functionalities requires the synthesis of different particle batches. But this often results in a simultaneous variation of colloidal features. As a result, the accurate determination of important structure–property relations is still hindered. To address these restrictions, postmodification of preformed reactive particles is gaining more attention. This technique has evolved from polymer synthesis, where postpolymerization functionalization enables the introduction of a plethora of functional groups without changing the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight distribution. Similarly, modifying precursor particles enables the introduction of functional groups into particles while reducing variations in colloidal features, e.g., particle size and size distribution. This powerful synthetic method complements established procedures for functionalization of particle surfaces, thereby enabling the facile preparation of (multi‐)functional particle libraries, which will allow precise investigations of structure–property relations.

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Section: Active Esters In Particle Analogous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Esters In Particle Analogous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Precursor Particle Structure On Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, starting from the same parent precursor, particle libraries with different functionalities but similar colloidal features can be obtained. [18,19]…”

Section: Functionalization Of Crosslinked Hydrophobic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reactive Precursor Particles as Synthetic Platform for the Generation of Functional Nanoparticles, Nanogels, and Microgels

Gruber

Navarro

Klinger

2019

Adv Materials Inter

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A Convenient Route to Prepare Reactive Azobenzene‐Containing Liquid Crystal Polymers and Photodeformable Fibers

Yan

Liu

Théato

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymers (azo-LCPs) as a kind of stimuli-responsive material have been widely used in fabricating intelligent actuators including artificial muscles, [1][2][3] soft robotics, [4][5][6] and microfluidics. [7][8][9] Recently, introducing reactive groups into azo-LCPs has aroused much interest because it allows a post-processing modification, which is hard to be realized in conventional crosslinked azo-LCPs. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, after the fabrication process, these reactive groups can be used in crosslinking reactions to improve the mechanical properties or functional modification to obtain more capabilities, providing a new possibility to construct intelligent soft actuators. As a consequence, various reactive groups such as hydroxyl, [11][12][13] N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, [14,15] and thiol groups [16] have been applied to azo-LCPs for different purposes. So far, most reactive azo-LCPs are synthesized by homopolymerization of azo monomers containing reactive substituents [14][15][16] or by copolymerization of azo monomers with reactive monomers. [17,18] However, these direct polymerization methods often suffer from limited group tolerance because many reactive groups may lead to side reactions or hinder the polymerization. Moreover, the synthesis of azo monomers exhibiting reactive substituents is usually complex and tedious, which dramatically limits the applicability of such reactive azo-LCPs. Therefore, an effective approach to generate reactive azo-LCPs is highly desirable.Post-polymerization modification (PPM) of a precursor polymer bearing reactive groups provides a facile strategy to synthesize reactive azo-LCPs. [19,20] By partially modifying with azobenzene compounds, a polymer containing both azobenzene groups and reactive groups can be easily obtained. In addition, this approach enables the easy and highly efficient synthesis of a systematic library of LCPs from a single reactive precursor polymer. Recently, Zhao and co-workers designed a novel liquid crystal elastomer utilizing a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer as the reactive precursor polymer. [21] Through first modification by thiol groups and subsequent esterification reaction with azobenzene mesogens, the unresponsive SBS polymer was successfully converted into a photoresponsive LCP. However, this relatively cumbersome PPM route inevitably restricts their application. As demonstrated by Theato and coworkers, poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA) as a reactive precursor polymer can react with many functional groups including amines and alcohols under mild conditions, even near-quantitative conversion for most of the amines. [22,23] This high reactivity, companying with the excellent solubility and hydrolysis resistance, makes PPFPA an attractive platform for the preparation of libraries of functional polymers. [20] To date, various functional materials such as reactive surfaces, [24,25] amphiphilic nanogels, [26,27] and multi-responsive polymers [28,29] have been synt...

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A Facile Strategy for the Development of Recyclable Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Polymers via Post‐Polymerization Modification and Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization

et al. 2023

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Post‐polymerization modification (PPM) offers a versatile approach for engineering multifunctional polymers, but this advantage has not been fully exploited to fabricate multifunctional liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). Here, we design a facile synthetic approach towards multifunctional LCP by combining the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with PPM, in which ROMP helps to prepare a reactive LCP precursor with high molecular weight, and PPM provides a facilitation to introduce functional groups into the precursor. Consequently, a photo‐ and humidity‐responsive linear LCP (LLCP) is demonstrated to show the potential of this synthetic strategy to diversify functions of the LCPs. Under light irradiation and humidity changes, the deformation modes of the LLCP films are converted to complex shapes (bending, twisting, and curling). The obtained dual‐responsive LLCP with high molecular weight possesses excellent processability and recyclability, making it possible to construct 3D shape actuators with programmable deformation behaviors under light/humidity.

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A versatile synthetic platform for amphiphilic nanogels with tunable hydrophobicity

Abstract: Functionalization of reactive precursor particles allows the preparation of amphiphilic nanogel libraries with tunable network hydrophobicity and comparable colloidal features.

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Reactive Precursor Particles as Synthetic Platform for the Generation of Functional Nanoparticles, Nanogels, and Microgels

Reactive Precursor Particles as Synthetic Platform for the Generation of Functional Nanoparticles, Nanogels, and Microgels

A Convenient Route to Prepare Reactive Azobenzene‐Containing Liquid Crystal Polymers and Photodeformable Fibers

A Facile Strategy for the Development of Recyclable Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Polymers via Post‐Polymerization Modification and Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization

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