A versatile polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (3 kWe) facility

Research and developments in hydrogen technologies

“…A state of the art fuel cell test facility has been established to study start, stop, thermal cycling, load following capability and fuel quality issues of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stacks up to 3 kW e capacity. 7 The facility is extremely flexible and enables the testing and evaluation of a wide range of PEM fuel cell stacks with different thermal loads, electrical loads, water management and humidification requirements. It has multiple levels of power and safety back-ups and has been certified as a stand alone safe gas appliance by the Australian Gas Association.…”

Sulfur‐Doped Porphyrinic Carbon Nanostructures Synthesized with Amorphous MoS2 for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in an Acidic Medium

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Similart o other electrochemical cells, PEMFCs consist of an anode and ac athode, which effect the oxidation of fuels and the reduction of oxygen, respectively.B ecause the reduction reaction at the cathode is six times slower than the oxidation reaction at the anode,p recious metal catalystu tilization in the cathode needs to be substantially reduced for commercialization of PEMFCs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Similart o other electrochemical cells, PEMFCs consist of an anode and ac athode, which effect the oxidation of fuels and the reduction of oxygen, respectively.B ecause the reduction reaction at the cathode is six times slower than the oxidation reaction at the anode,p recious metal catalystu tilization in the cathode needs to be substantially reduced for commercialization of PEMFCs.…”

“…Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are regarded as apromising solution to environmental problems, ast hey exhibit highere nergy conversion efficienciest han fossil fuels and zero emission of pollutantsd uring operation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Similart o other electrochemical cells, PEMFCs consist of an anode and ac athode, which effect the oxidation of fuels and the reduction of oxygen, respectively.B ecause the reduction reaction at the cathode is six times slower than the oxidation reaction at the anode,p recious metal catalystu tilization in the cathode needs to be substantially reduced for commercialization of PEMFCs. [8][9][10][11][12][13] However,a lthough Pt exhibited superior catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction( ORR), owing to the scarcity of Pt and its lack of durability caused by poisoning, much effort has been made to reduce utilization of Pt by alloying with as econd transition metal and to develop novel nonpreciousm etal (NPM) structures an alternative cathode catalysts.…”

Functionalization of various carbons for proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes: analysis and characterization

“…The proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are energy conversion devices and they gain lot of importance due to their many advantages like high power density, low operating temperature, low CO 2 emission, etc [1]. PEMFC's employ an ion exchange membrane as electrolyte and gas diffusion electrodes with electrocatalysts as anodes and cathodes.…”

“…Carbon supported platinum is commonly used as an electrocatalyst for the electrodes namely anodes and cathodes for high catalytic activity [2]. Carbon is used as a catalyst support in fuel cells because of its electrical conductivity, low cost compared with other supports such as alumina, silica, superior mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, ability to modify the surface, chemical nature of the surface and control porosity and ability to recover the supported 1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”