A ventrodorsal GABA gradient in the embryonic retina prior to expression of glutamate decarboxylase

Eliasson, Mona; McCaffery, Peter; Baughman, Robert W.; Dräger, Ursula C.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00032-8

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It appears reasonable to hypothesize that the BMPs may play a role in the development of some of the many dorso‐ventral differences that appear in the chick embryo retina at early stages of development, such as the distribution of tyrosine kinase receptors and ligands (Holash and Pasquale, 1995; Braisted et al, 1997; Holash et al, 1997; Sefton and Nieto, 1997; Sefton et al, 1997; Connor et al, 1998) the distribution of transcription factors (Moskal et al, 1986; Trisler and Collins, 1987; Rabacchi et al, 1990; Deitcher et al, 1994; Papalopulu and Kintner, 1996; Bovolenta et al, 1997; Eliasson et al, 1997; Barbieri et al, 1999; Esteve and Bovolenta, 1999; Jean et al, 1999; Lopez‐Rios et al, 1999; Ohsaki et al, 1999; Ohuchi et al, 1999), and the determination of positional axes for the topographically specific retinotectal projection of ganglion cell axons, which takes place in the retina between HH stages 11–13/14 (Cowan and Wenger, 1968; Crossland et al, 1974; Dutting and Thanos, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and binding proteins in the chick retina

Belecky-Adams

Adler

2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a large subfamily of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of growth factors, have been implicated in patterning of the central nervous system, but their role in the retina is much less well known. As an initial step in addressing this issue, we have investigated by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of BMP-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, BMP receptor kinases (BRKs) -1, -2, and -3, and BMP binding proteins noggin and chordin, in the chick embryonic eye at embryonic day 3 (E3), and in isolated retinas at E6, E8, and E18. Strikingly, all mRNAs examined had spatially restricted patterns of expression in the early eye, with the receptors found primarily in the ventral portion of the retina and in the optic stalk, and the ligands and binding proteins localized to other regions of the retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium. Dorso-ventrally restricted patterns of expression persisted at E8, but were no longer apparent at E18, whereas layer-specific patterns of expression were detectable at both E8 and E18. This distribution of BMP family members, receptors, and binding proteins within the retina appears consistent with a possible role in patterning and/or differentiation of this tissue.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and binding proteins in the chick retina

Belecky-Adams

Adler

2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GABA derived from putrescine appears to have a role in the normal development and physiology of several tissues, including the small intestine (40), liver (41,42), and retina (43). Moreover, GABA obtained from this pathway in gastrin-producing enteroendocrine cells is a postulated paracrine modulator within the gastric mucosa (44,45).…”

Section: Generation Of Metabolic Signatures Indicative Of Poor-prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated functional genomics and metabolomics approach for defining poor prognosis in human neuroendocrine cancers

Ippolito

Jain

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human neuroendocrine (NE) cancers range from relatively indolent to highly aggressive. In this study, we combine functional genomics with metabolomics to identify features of NE cancers associated with a poor outcome. Analysis of GeneChip datasets of primary prostate tumors, as well as lymph node and liver metastases from transgenic mice with a NE cell cancer, plus derived NE cell lines yielded a signature of 446 genes whose expression is enriched in neoplastic mouse prostatic NE cells. This signature was used for in silico metabolic reconstructions of NE cell metabolism, directed liquid chromatography͞tandem MS analysis of metabolites in prostatic NE tumors and cell lines, and analysis of GeneChip datasets of human NE tumors with good or poor prognoses. The results indicate that a distinguishing feature of poor-prognosis NE tumors is a glutamic acid decarboxylase-independent pathway for production of GABA and a pathway for production of imidazole-4-acetate that involves dopa decarboxylase and a membraneassociated amine oxidase, amiloride-binding protein 1. Electrophysiological studies disclosed that imidazole-4-acetate can bind and activate GABAA receptors expressed by transformed NE cells, thus providing a previously uncharacterized paradigm for NE tumor cell signaling. Transcriptional, metabolic, and electrophysiologic features of transformed mouse NE cells are also evident in neural progenitor cells.GABA signaling ͉ MS ͉ metastatic neuroendocrine cancers ͉ polyamine metabolism ͉ transcriptome-directed metabolomics H uman neuroendocrine (NE) cancers (NECs) can arise in neuroectodermal tissues or in endoderm-derived epithelia (e.g., pheochromocytomas and small cell lung cancers, respectively). Many types of NECs are aggressive and diagnosed only after metastatic spread (1, 2). In addition, the appearance of NE features in cancers arising from cells that do not normally express neural or endocrine fates is often associated with more aggressive disease (3-5). A panel of biomarkers and mediators of tumorigenesis is needed for better diagnosis and stratification of NECs and new, more efficacious therapeutic approaches. In this report, we present one approach for addressing this issue that uses a combination of transgenic mice with a metastatic cancer arising from their prostatic NE cell lineage, NE cell lines established from this cancer, human NE tumors with varying degrees of aggressiveness, functional genomics, and MS-based metabolomics.The prostate contains three epithelial lineages: secretory, basal, and NE (6). The secretory or luminal cell is the most abundant type and requires continuous exposure to androgens for its survival (7-11). Basal cells represent the primary proliferating epithelial population and are not androgen-dependent (12, 13). NE cells are rare (Ͻ1% of the total), have distinctive projections that allow them to contact epithelial neighbors located several cell diameters away, and secrete a variety of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters (14-17). Conventional adenocarcinoma of the prostate (C...

show abstract

“…The enzyme in dorsal retina has a broad substrate selectivity for different aldehydes, including retinaldehyde; it is highly sensitive to oxidation, and it acts as a binding protein for steroids (Pereira et al, 1991) and thyroid hormone (Yamauchi and Tata, 1994). Although the enzyme in ventral retina is much more selective for retinaldehyde than the dorsal enzyme, it also oxidizes some other substrates: in the embryonic mouse, the two enzymes oxidize ␥-aminobutyraldehyde to GABA, creating a ventrodorsal GABA gradient in the embryonic retina (Eliasson et al, 1997). The ventral enzyme is much more effective in RA production than the dorsal enzyme.…”

Section: What Is the Relevance Of Different Ra-producing Enzymes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transcriptional activator retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to influence the early patterning of the vertebrate eye. Models for the establishment of the retinofugal projection postulate gradients of cell-surface markers across the retinal surface that are expressed by ganglion cells and mediate the correct connection of fibers within central target fields. Spatial asymmetries of RA and RA-producing enzymes, as have been found in the eyes of mice and zebrafish, could induce the required asymmetry in gene expression. Here we exploited the large size of the retina of the embryonic chick to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the RA system by HPLC in combination with a reporter cell assay. As in other embryonic vertebrates, the chick retina was found to contain different RA-generating enzymes segregated along the dorsoventral axis. The major RA isomer in both dorsal and ventral retina was all-transRA, and no 9-cisRA could be detected. This excludes a difference in production of these two isomers as an explanation for the expression of different RA-generating enzymes. At developmental stages embryonic days (E) 4 and 5, the ventral retina contained higher all-transRA levels than the dorsal retina. After E8, however, the difference disappeared, and in embryos at E9 and older the RA concentration was slightly higher in dorsal than ventral retina.

show abstract

A ventrodorsal GABA gradient in the embryonic retina prior to expression of glutamate decarboxylase

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Developmental expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and binding proteins in the chick retina

Developmental expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and binding proteins in the chick retina

An integrated functional genomics and metabolomics approach for defining poor prognosis in human neuroendocrine cancers

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About