A venom extract from the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata produces haemolysis and lipid peroxidation in mouse erythrocytes

Santamarı́a, Abel; Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Judith; Zugasti, Alejandro; Martinez, A.; Galván‐Arzate, Sonia; Segura-Puertas, Lourdes

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00035-5

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Peroxidation process of membrane lipids include loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased lipid fluidity, altered membrane permeability, effects on membrane associated enzymes, altered ion transport, release of material from subcellular compartments, and the generation of cytotoxic metabolites or lipid hydroperoxides [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail Conus flavidus on albino Mice

Abou-Elezz¹

2017

IJEE

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Abstract:The genus Conus is equipped with a unique venomous mixture of conopeptides which secreted for predation and defense purposes. This work is aiming to explore and determine the effect of the crude venom of Conus flavidus, a wormhunting cone snail inhabiting the Red Sea, on the oxidant/ antioxidant system in mice using some oxidative stress biomarker assays. In addition to assess its histopathological effects on some treated organs. The LC 50 were detected for the crude venom using the hemolytic assay (16.7 mg/ml) and male albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with ½ LC 50 (8.3 mg/kg B.Wt). Biochemically, after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours of injection the results revealed significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood and liver in almost all time intervals comparing with control one. However, it showed elevation in lipid peroxide content (LPC), protein carbonyl content (PCC), nitric oxide level (NO) reduced glutathione content (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) contents of both blood and liver in almost all time intervals. Histopathologicaly, liver and heart were dissected after 1, 3 and 7 days of injection. The treated liver showed vacuolar degeneration, karyolosis and pyknosis, mild blood sinusoidal congestion and centrilobular necrosis. The treated heart illustrated degenerated myofibrils, pyknosis, edema, blood vessel congestion, loss of striation normal construction and fascicular pattern in the myocardium. These results revealed that C. flavidus crude venom has distinct effects upon the oxidant/antioxidant cellular system and degenerative pathological effects in some tissues of treated animals, proving that this venom may contain bioactive peptides, which could be purified and used for further pharmacological and drug discovery investigations in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail Conus flavidus on albino Mice

Abou-Elezz¹

2017

IJEE

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“…It has been attributed as one of the major pathways for explaining the toxicity of many xenobiotics [16,17]. In addition, several sea anemone venoms, for example those from Actinia equina and Bartholomea annulata , can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in cultured cells [18,19]. Some digestive enzymes, acting as toxins, from box jellyﬁsh, sea anemones, and corals induce ROS or lysophospholipid formation thus damaging target cells as small prey or contributing to human envenomation [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Peroxidation Is another Potential Mechanism besides Pore-Formation Underlying Hemolysis of Tentacle Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata

et al. 2013

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This study was performed to explore other potential mechanisms underlying hemolysis in addition to pore-formation of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. A dose-dependent increase of hemolysis was observed in rat erythrocyte suspensions and the hemolytic activity of TE was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, which was attenuated by Ca2+ channel blockers (Diltiazem, Verapamil and Nifedipine). Direct intracellular Ca2+ increase was observed after TE treatment by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the Ca2+ increase could be depressed by Diltiazem. The osmotic protectant polyethylenglycol (PEG) significantly blocked hemolysis with a molecular mass exceeding 4000 Da. These results support a pore-forming mechanism of TE in the erythrocyte membrane, which is consistent with previous studies by us and other groups. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an important marker of lipid peroxidation, increased dose-dependently in rat erythrocytes after TE treatment, while in vitro hemolysis of TE was inhibited by the antioxidants ascorbic acid—Vitamin C (Vc)—and reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, in vivo hemolysis and electrolyte change after TE administration could be partly recovered by Vc. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation is another potential mechanism besides pore-formation underlying the hemolysis of TE, and both Ca2+ channel blockers and antioxidants could be useful candidates against the hemolytic activity of jellyfish venoms.

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“…Indeed, although some anemone toxins have been extensively investigated during recent years, information regarding the biological activity of many of them is scarce. In the particular case of Bartholomea annulata, the only report in the literature is the study by Santamaría et al (2002). In this study, the authors evaluated the haemolytic and peroxidative responses by the crude extract in mice erythrocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation, Partial Purification and Characterization of Active Polypeptide from the Sea Anemone Bartholomea annulata

Sánchez‐Rodríguez¹,

Zugasti²,

Santamarı́a³

et al. 2006

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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In the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata, four different types of cnidocysts, basitrichous isorhizas, microbasic p-mastigophores, microbasic amastigophores and spirocysts were identified. In relation to the efficacy of different substances to induce discharge of nematocysts we observe that distilled water induced more than 70% of microbasic pmastigophores to discharge, whereas spirocysts were discharged in a lesser extent (∑20%). The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) in mice was found after injection of 700.7 mg protein per kg of body weight from the crude extract. The protein with neurotoxic effect was isolated using low-pressure liquid chromatography. The neurotoxic activity was determined using sea crabs (Ocypode quadrata), injecting 15 mg of crude extract or isolated fraction into the third walking leg, and violent motor activity followed by progressive loss of sensibility to external stimuli, further leading to full paralysis were observed. The active fraction (called V) eluted at 43.9 min.Sea anemones as well as corals, hydrozoans, scyphozoans and cubozoans, are included in the Phylum Cnidaria, the only group in the animal kingdom with the ability to produce cnidocysts. Cnidocysts are among the largest and most complex intracellular secretion products known (Holstein & Tardent 1984). There are 28 types of morphologically distinct cnidocysts, which are divided into three subcategories: nematocysts (25 different types), spirocysts (2 types), and one type of ptychocysts (Mariscal 1974). From these three subcategories, only nematocysts inject toxins into prey, and thus they are considered as the most sophisticated lethal weapons in the animal kingdom (Tardent 1995).Nematocysts from sea anemones contain complex mixtures of biologically active compounds, mainly consisting of peptides and proteins (Béress 1982;Hessinger 1988;Kem 1988;Norton 1991). Although the first toxins isolated from these cnidarians were neurotoxins (Béress & Béress 1974), cardiotoxins (Simpson et al. 1990), and several cytolysins (Kem 1988), protease inhibitors have also been found (Delfín et al. 1996). Indeed, although some anemone toxins have been extensively investigated during recent years, information regarding the biological activity of many of them is scarce. In the particular case of Bartholomea annulata, the only report in the literature is the study by Santamaría et al. (2002). In this study, the authors evaluated the haemolytic and peroxidative responses by the crude extract in mice erythrocytes. In consideration of the information mentioned above, the aim of this work is to evaluate the biotoxic parameters of both the crude extract and the partially purified venom from B. annulata in different experimental models. Materials and MethodsIn order to identify the different types of cnidocysts present in tentacles of B. annulata, preparations were preserved with 4% formaldehyde, glycerine and 96% ethyl alcohol, and analyzed by light microscopy (20¿, 40¿ and 100¿). Cnidocysts from both fresh and frozen specimens were also observed i...

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A venom extract from the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata produces haemolysis and lipid peroxidation in mouse erythrocytes

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail <i>Conus flavidus</i> on <i>albino</i> Mice

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail <i>Conus flavidus</i> on <i>albino</i> Mice

Lipid Peroxidation Is another Potential Mechanism besides Pore-Formation Underlying Hemolysis of Tentacle Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata

Isolation, Partial Purification and Characterization of Active Polypeptide from the Sea Anemone Bartholomea annulata

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A venom extract from the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata produces haemolysis and lipid peroxidation in mouse erythrocytes

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail &lt;i&gt;Conus flavidus&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;albino&lt;/i&gt; Mice

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail &lt;i&gt;Conus flavidus&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;albino&lt;/i&gt; Mice

Lipid Peroxidation Is another Potential Mechanism besides Pore-Formation Underlying Hemolysis of Tentacle Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata

Isolation, Partial Purification and Characterization of Active Polypeptide from the Sea Anemone Bartholomea annulata

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Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail <i>Conus flavidus</i> on <i>albino</i> Mice

Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail <i>Conus flavidus</i> on <i>albino</i> Mice