“…Other approaches, as previously discussed, have included the development of advanced tools or models based on mathematical modelling, operations research or simulation methods to improve efficiency through the optimisation of cost, time, distance, resource utilisation, routes, or transportation/delivery schedules. Examples of recent works in these areas include Yu et al (2015), Zhang et al (2014), Jemai et al (2013), Eliiyi et al (2009), among others.…”