A VAV system model for simulation of energy management control functions: Off normal operation and duty cycling

Zaheeruddin, Mohammed; Zheng, G.R.

doi:10.1016/0196-8904(94)90023-x

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Several experimental data, supplemented by several simulations or estimators from the published papers [60,61,64,70,76,77], were utilized to calculate the energy savings by Equation (1). This study simultaneously accounted the experimental and estimated data to evaluate energy saving performance based on sensor development.…”

Section: Case Study Of Smart Air Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This working principle was utilized to change users’ decisions about when and how to operate room air conditioners. Other case studies also widely adopted the combination of temperature sensor with air flow (wind velocity) sensor for reaching smart control [61,64,66,68,69,71,73,75,77,79]. Based on Table 2, all the cases, which achieved smart goals of building thermal comfort model and ensured occupancy comfort, employed air flow (wind velocity) sensors for enabling smart control.…”

Section: Case Study Of Smart Air Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review

Cheng

Lee

2016

Sensors

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The study investigates the development of sensors, in particular the use of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors, to achieve smart operation of air conditioning systems. Smart operation refers to the operation of air conditioners by the reinforcement of interaction to achieve both thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Sensors related to thermal comfort include those of temperature, humidity, and pressure and wind velocity anemometers. Improvements in their performance in the past years have been studied by a literature survey. Traditional occupancy detection using passive infra-red (PIR) sensors and novel methodologies using smartphones and wearable sensors are both discussed. Referring to the case studies summarized in this study, air conditioning energy savings are evaluated quantitatively. Results show that energy savings of air conditioners before 2000 was 11%, and 30% after 2000 by the integration of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors. By utilizing wearable sensing to detect the human motions, metabolic rates and related information, the energy savings can reach up to 46.3% and keep the minimum change of predicted mean vote (∆PMV→0), which means there is no compromise in thermal comfort. This enables smart air conditioning to compensate for the large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, and find an optimal temperature for everyone in a given space. However, this tendency should be evidenced by more experimental results in the future.

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Section: Case Study Of Smart Air Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study Of Smart Air Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review

Cheng

Lee

2016

Sensors

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“…Pulse-width modulation (PWM) [15] is considered to be a commonly used switching law and has been applied to some control practices in HVAC systems, e.g., duty-cycling control of compressors [16] and room temperature control loops with deadband specifications. To improve PWM, pulse-width-pulse-frequency modulation (PWPFM) [17,18] is presented as an extension of PWM that varies cycling frequency in addition to pulse duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on a duty ratio fuzzy control method for fan-coil units

Zhao

Zhang

Sun

2011

Building and Environment

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“…The reheating coil model uses an approximate equation for effectiveness as a function of NTU (number of transfer units) for a typical cross flow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed type. Total heat transfer rate, water and air side heat flux can be calculated by Equations (2)- (4). When the room can maintain a constant temperature, total heat transfer, the air and water side heat flux have a heat balance as in Equation (5).…”

Section: Reheating Coil Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimal supply air temperature control in VAV systems was suggested by Ke et al [3]. Zaheer-uddin [4] suggested optimal operating strategies. Engdahl and Johansson [5] investigated the energy savings potential of a controlled supply air temperature of a VAV based system by a comparison with a constant supply air temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Applicable Optimal Terminal Box Control Algorithms for Energy Management Control Systems

Seong¹,

Cho

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:Common energy management control systems (EMCS) in building HVAC systems could be made much more energy efficient without sacrificing comfort. Most researchers have focused on implementing optimal control algorithms in Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems with EMC functions. Previous studies have paid little attention to using terminal box EMC functions integrated with main AHU (Air Handling Unit) systems. Terminal boxes with EMCS may cause occupant discomfort and waste excessive energy if they do not have the proper operation control functions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of energy consumption and estimate building energy savings on the optimal minimum air flow of single duct VAV terminal boxes and develop applicable optimal terminal box control algorithms for EMCS. This paper presents a dynamic model of a VAV terminal box with hydronic reheat, develops optimal terminal box control algorithms and applies the developed EMCS algorithms to an actual building. The results of this study show that optimal terminal box control algorithms can stably maintain the set room air temperature and reduce energy consumption for varying heating loads compared to conventional control algorithms.

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A VAV system model for simulation of energy management control functions: Off normal operation and duty cycling

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review

Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review

Experimental study on a duty ratio fuzzy control method for fan-coil units

Development and Evaluation of Applicable Optimal Terminal Box Control Algorithms for Energy Management Control Systems

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