A variety of gene polymorphisms associated with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Abstract

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare and chronic inflammatory disorder. IGM mimics breast cancer regarding its clinical and radiological features. Etiology of IGM remains unclarified. Our patient was 37-year-old and 14 weeks pregnant. There was pain, redness and swelling in the right breast. The mass suggestive of malignancy was detected in sonography. Serum CA 125 and CA 15-3 levels were high. Genetic analysis was performed for the etiology. methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C 677 TT, β-fibrinogen-455 G>A, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 5 G/5 G, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D mutation was found. IGM was diagnosed by cor biopsy. An association was also reported between breast cancer and mutations in MTHFR-C 677 T, PAI-1, ACE genes. Genetic polymorphisms may involve in the development of IGM as it was seen in our case. Further studies should be conducted to better clarify this plausible association.

Pituitary Adenoma and Hyperprolactinemia Accompanied by Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis

“…IGM etiology, on the basis of inflammation and autoimmune effect, is reported to be in various pathological gene disorders [4]. IGM may appear together with autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome, erythema nodosum, and arthritis [2, 4].…”

“…The etiology of IGM is not fully understood, but autoimmune and hormonal disorders are often discussed as causes [ 2 , 3 ]. IGM etiology, on the basis of inflammation and autoimmune effect, is reported to be in various pathological gene disorders [ 4 ]. IGM may appear together with autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome, erythema nodosum, and arthritis [ 2 , 4 ].…”

“…IGM etiology, on the basis of inflammation and autoimmune effect, is reported to be in various pathological gene disorders [ 4 ]. IGM may appear together with autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome, erythema nodosum, and arthritis [ 2 , 4 ]. It is suggested that IGM can develop when T-lymphocytes mediated autoimmune reaction occurs against lobular epithelial cells and gastric secretions [ 2 , 3 ].…”

“…A close association between IGM and hyperprolactinemia has been reported [ 2 , 5 ]. Also, according to multiple reports, prolactin levels are important in recurrent cases [ 2 , 4 ]. Hyperprolactinemia is mostly seen due to intense physiological conditions drugs such as phenothiazine, metoclopramide, risperidone, and pituitary adenomas [ 2 , 5 ].…”

“…It is rarely accompanied with axillary lymphadenopathy [ 3 ]. Usually, there is unilateral breast involvement; patients with bilateral breast involvement quarter are seen in [ 3 , 4 ]. Hypoechoic tubular structures and nodules are seen in breast ultrasound; nodular opacities and focal asymmetry are seen in mammography.…”