A variable reaction rate model for chlorine decay in drinking water due to the reaction with dissolved organic matter

Hua, Pei; Vasyukova, Ekaterina; Uhl, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.037

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is nowadays used in a number of industrial process raging from bleaching agents, solvents, flame retardants, pigments, to intermediates of other synthetic processes and chlorination of drinking water [21]. In drinking water chlorine can react with dissolved organic matter creating a number of potentially harmful disinfection by-products [30,31]. Although some of the chloride containing chemicals are essential to life, such as sodium chloride, unfortunately a number of issues have also been observed with many of synthetically generated organochloride chemicals.…”

Section: Health Issues With the Core Elements Of Vcm: Ethylene And Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Healthiness of Sustainable Construction: Example of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Petrović

Hamer

2018

Buildings

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Abstract:With the increasing emphasis on sustainable construction, it has become important to better understand the impacts of common materials. This is especially paramount with the introduction of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which call for more comprehensive evaluations, adding many aspects of social consideration to the issues of environmental sustainability, including human health. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/vinyl can be seen as a material with potential for significant adverse effects on a multiplicity of levels, and the construction industry is its single most significant consumer. This article presents a transdisciplinary review of adverse health impacts associated with PVC showing a number of issues: some that could be eliminated through design, but also some which appear inherent to the material itself and therefore unavoidable. The totality of issues revealed in relation to PVC presents a compelling case for a call for complete elimination of use of this material in sustainable construction.

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Section: Health Issues With the Core Elements Of Vcm: Ethylene And Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Healthiness of Sustainable Construction: Example of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Petrović

Hamer

2018

Buildings

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“…The following assumptions were made: the constant concentration of the contaminant in the treated water tanks was 10 mg/dm 3 . The spread of contamination over 24 h at every hour was simulated.…”

Section: Description Of Markingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical failures are related to the difficulties in supplying water to a large number of water consumers. For this type of undesirable events we can include [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]: water contamination in the water intake, water intakes failure, failures of water treatment equipment, failure of pumping stations and water pumping, damage of strategic main and transit pipelines or a possible terrorist acts. Previous studies conducted in different operating water supply systems pay attention to the significant effect of the potential safety loss resulting from the failure [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Model of Contamination Threat Assessment in Water Network Using the Epanet Software

Studziński

Pietrucha-Urbanik

2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The aim of this study is to assess the risk of failure of group water network in case of raw water contamination. The analysis was based on qualitative simulation performed in hydraulic water network model developed in the EPANET software. It was focused on the quantitative description of the consequences of chemically contaminated water. The methodology of risk assessment relies in determining the consequences of the supply water containing contamination threatening the health and lives of water consumers. The research methodology is as follows: development of a hydraulic model of the water pipeline and it's hydraulic verification, computer simulations of contamination propagation, calculating the dose delivered to the i-th section of the water supply system supplying water to Ni recipients and the mass of a substance that enters the body li. The simulation results indicate the spread of contamination that after 24 h covered most of the area supplied with water. The load delivered to the resident obtaining water from the i-th section of the water supply network, Li/Ni, was up to 18 g·d -1 , at least 15 g·d -1 was received by 34.9% of the population, 10-15 g·d -1 by 12.5% of the residents, 5-10 g·d -1 by 10.7% of the residents, 0-5 g·d -1 by 41.7% of the residents and uncontaminated water was delivered to only 13.3% of the consumers. The dose taken by the statistical consumer (calculated as for adults) l is up to 0.8 g for Li/Ni = 18 g·d -1 and is proportional to Li/Ni.

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“…On two categories of models were commonly classified as physical principles based on mechanical models 9 , and historical data based numerical models 10 . Mechanical models of water quality require detailed information and principles about the processes 11 . Considerable parameters for model setup, simulation, and post-processing gained from a large number of trials are needed 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of artificial neural networks and wavelet hybrid approaches to long-term toxic heavy metal prediction

Hua

GUI

et al. 2020

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the occurrence of toxic metals in the aquatic environment is as caused by a variety of contaminations which makes difficulty in the concentration prediction. In this study, conventional methods of backpropagation neural network (Bpnn) and nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) were applied as benchmark models. Explanatory variables of Fe, pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, river flow, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen were used as different input combinations to forecast the long-term concentrations of As, Pb, and Zn. The wavelet transformation was applied to decompose the time series data, and then was integrated with conventional methods (as WNN and WNARX). The modelling performances of the hybrid models of WNN and WNARX were compared with the conventional models. All the given models were trained, validated, and tested by an 18-year data set and demonstrated based on the simulation results of a 2-year data set. Results revealed that the given models showed general good performances for the long-term prediction of the toxic metals of As, Pb, and Zn. The wavelet transform could enhance the long-term concentration predictions. However, it is not necessarily useful for each metal prediction. Therefore, different models with different inputs should be used for different metals predictions to achieve the best predictions. Due to the nature of ubiquity, toxicity at a trace level, and hard biodegradation, elevated metals in aquatic environments are a global concern 1,2. A long-term exposure of toxic metals by the ingestion of the contaminated water and fish can cause chronic diseases 3,4. For example, Arsenic (As) destroys the redox capacity of cells, affects the normal metabolism, causes tissue damage and body disorders, and even directly causes poisoning death when ingested in small quantities 5. Lead (Pb) affects nerves, digestion, urinary, reproductive and developmental, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, bone, and other organ systems. More serious is that Pb affects the growth and mental development of infants and young children, impairs brain function such as cognition 6. In addition, a high level of Zinc (Zn) weakens immune function, leads to iron deficiency anaemia, affects the function of the digestive system, and causes damage to blood vessels 7. Due to the special significance to water quality, As, Pb, and Zn are included in the priority pollutant list by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, it is essential to understand the environmental behaviours of toxic metal in rivers to protect the drinking water intake. Traditionally, the toxic metals in trace levels were required to be routinely sampled and determined in the laboratory. However, there are some constraints for the environmental managers to adequately and timely receive the metal contents and respond to the metal pollution, such as (i) expense of field monitoring, (ii) staffs availability and resources, (iii) field safety issues, and (iv) large time intervals between data collection, r...

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A variable reaction rate model for chlorine decay in drinking water due to the reaction with dissolved organic matter

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Improving the Healthiness of Sustainable Construction: Example of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Improving the Healthiness of Sustainable Construction: Example of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Simulation Model of Contamination Threat Assessment in Water Network Using the Epanet Software

A comparative analysis of artificial neural networks and wavelet hybrid approaches to long-term toxic heavy metal prediction

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