A Validation of ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula—Ellsworth Land Region, and Its Implications for Ice Core Studies

Tetzner, Dieter; Thomas, Elizabeth R.; Allen, Claire S.

doi:10.3390/geosciences9070289

Cited by 146 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Compared to the ASCAT, the ERA5 and ERA-Interim show the similar spatial distributions and the spatial error patterns of annual mean wind over ocean, but ERA5 reduce the error in amplitude [33]. However, in Ellsworth Land Region, both ERA5 and ERA-Interim could reasonable reproduce the observation of mean wind speeds, and ERA-interim shows a smaller deviation than ERA5, especially in the coastal area [34]. In the Saskatchewan Prairies, the ERA5 and ERA-Interim have a negative wind speed bias in warm and cold season, and the ERA5 is slightly worse than ERA-Interim in warm season [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Here, we use ERA-Interim instead of ERA5, because ERA-Interim and ERA5 show similar ability to reproduce wind speed and sometimes ERA-Interim is better than ERA5 based on the previous studies [33][34][35]. Compared to the ERA-Interim, ERA5 show a little improvement in reproducing wind over land [34,35], and ERA-Interim show best performance in wind speed [36]. In addition, ERA-Interim have a good ability in reproducing the temperature and precipitation over mainland China [38], but its performance in reproducing the near-surface wind is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes during 1979 to 2011 over China Based on Five Reanalysis Datasets

et al. 2019

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Wind speed data derived from reanalysis datasets has been used in the plan and design of wind farms in China, but the quality of these kinds of data over China remains unknown. In this study, the performances of five sets of reanalysis data, including National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP)-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2), Modern-ERA Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Project (JRA-55), Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis product (ERA-Interim), and 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) in reproducing the climatology, interannual variation, and long-term trend of near-surface (10 m above ground) wind speed, for the period of 1979-2011 over continental China are comprehensively evaluated. Compared to the gridded data compiled from meteorological stations, all five reanalysis datasets reasonably reproduce the spatial distribution of the climatology of near-surface wind speed, but underestimate the intensity of the near-surface wind speed in most regions except for Tibetan Plateau where the wind speed is overestimated. All five reanalysis datasets show large weaknesses in reproducing the annual cycle of near-surface wind speed averaged over the continental China. The near-surface wind speed derived from the observations exhibit significant decreasing trends over most parts of continental China during 1979 to 2011. Although the spatial patterns of the linear trends reproduced by reanalysis datasets are close to the observation, the magnitudes are weaker in annual, spring, summer and autumn season. The qualities of all reanalysis datasets are limited in winter. For the interannual variability, except for winter, all five reanalysis datasets reasonably reproduce the interannual standard deviation but with larger amplitude. Quantitative comparison indicates that among the five reanalysis datasets, the MERRA (JRA-55) shows the relatively highest (lowest) skill in terms of the climatology and linear trend. These results call for emergent needs for developing high quality reanalysis data that can be used in wind resource assessment and planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes during 1979 to 2011 over China Based on Five Reanalysis Datasets

et al. 2019

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“…This improvement could be associated with better representation of large-scale forcings (e.g., the ASL) as well as the finer local details of the topography and refined land−atmosphere physics. Very recently, some improvements in the performance of ERA5 over ERA-Interim in representing surface climate characteristics of the Antarctic continent were also reported (Tetzner et al, 2019;Gossart et al, 2019).…”

Section: Summary and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed, Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data

et al. 2020

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This study investigates the recent near-surface temperature trends over the Antarctic Peninsula. We make use of available surface observations, ECMWF's ERA5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim, as well as numerical simulations, allowing us to contrast different data sources. We use hindcast simulations performed with Polar-WRF over the Antarctic Peninsula on a nested domain configuration at 45 km (PWRF-45) and 15 km (PWRF-15) spatial resolutions for the period 1991−2015. In addition, we include hindcast simulations of KNMI-RACMO21P obtained from the CORDEX-Antarctica domain (~50 km) for further comparisons. Results show that there is a marked windward warming trend except during summer. This windward warming trend is particularly notable in the autumn season and likely to be associated with the recent deepening of the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea low and warm advection towards the Antarctic Peninsula. On the other hand, an overall summer cooling is characterized by the strengthening of the Weddell Sea low as well as an anticyclonic trend over the Amundsen Sea accompanied by northward winds. The persistent cooling trend observed at the Larsen Ice Shelf station is not captured by ERA-Interim, whereas hindcast simulations indicate that there is a clear pattern of windward warming and leeward cooling. Furthermore, larger temporal correlations and lower differences exhibited by PWRF-15 illustrate the existence of the added value in the higher spatial resolution simulation.

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“…ERA5 is highly accurate, representing the magnitude and variability of near-surface air temperature and wind regimes. The higher spatial and temporal resolution provided by ERA5 reduces significantly the cold coastal biases identified in ERA-Interim and increases the accuracy representing the wind direction and wind speed in the escarpment (Tetzner et al, 2019).…”

Section: Reanalysis Flux Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Heat Flux Products Over the Tropical Indian Ocean

Pokhrel

Dutta

Rahaman

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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Net heat flux (Qnet) and its components from four reanalysis (NCEP-2, CFSR, ERA5, and MERRA) and two blended products (OAFlux & TropFlux) are compared with in situ observation (two Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoys and one Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution buoy) over the north Indian Ocean to quantify their uncertainties in daily, seasonal, and annual scales. These comparisons provide the present status of Qnet error in most state of the art reanalysis/blended products. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) remains similar to the RMSE a decade earlier, despite more observation and improved models and reanalysis methods. However, there is a clear separation of flux quality from the older generation of reanalysis (NCEP-2) to the newer production of reanalysis (MERRA, CFSR, and ERA5). While individually ERA5 provides the best estimate, the ensemble mean (i.e., average of ERA5, CFSR, MERRA, TropFlux, and OAFlux) is very close to ERA5 both in terms of correlations and RMSE and provides the most reliable estimate by virtue of removal of some of the uncertainties in estimation of flux by each of the flux products. A significant reduction of RMSE in Qnet estimates from 100 W/m 2 (in NCEP-2) to 45 W/m 2 (in the ensemble mean) is considerable progress. It is noteworthy that all the recent flux products estimate the increasing trend of Qnet in the north Bay of Bengal and subseasonal fluctuations with significant fidelity. Also, in the south of equator location vigorous subseasonal fluctuations in boreal winter are well captured. We believe that this is significant progress in the estimation of Qnet over the Indian Ocean.

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A Validation of ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula—Ellsworth Land Region, and Its Implications for Ice Core Studies

Cited by 146 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes during 1979 to 2011 over China Based on Five Reanalysis Datasets

Evaluation of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes during 1979 to 2011 over China Based on Five Reanalysis Datasets

Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed, Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data

Evaluation of Different Heat Flux Products Over the Tropical Indian Ocean

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