A validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of 6-gingerol, guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z in coded formulation AYUSH SG-5 prepared for rheumatoid arthritis

Kumar, Vijay; Kushwaha, Vikram; Gandhi, Yashika; Mishra, Subhajit; Charde, Vaibhav; Jagtap, Chandrashekhar; Babu, G. Raveendra; Singh, Arjun; Singh, Ravindra Kumar; Srikanth, Narayanam

doi:10.1007/s00764-022-00153-9

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Red ginger is known to contain the main phenolic compounds, namely gingerol, shogaol, and paradol, as well as steroids and essential oils, which can react with the vanillin sulfate agent to give a specific blue color, which in this study, blue to purplish color was the result (Merck, 1980;The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2010;Mao et al, 2019;Amalia & Sabila, 2021;Thomas et al, 2021). Referring to studies using HPTLC with the same fluent and mobile phase as this study, it can be identified that it is 6-gingerol at rf 0.26 for both single red ginger extract and combination extract (Kumar et al, 2022).…”

Section: Tlc Profilementioning

confidence: 87%

Kinetic optimization of angkak – red ginger extraction and its impact on antioxidant activity

Missy,

Fahrurroji,

Nugraha

et al. 2024

teknosains

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A mixture of angkak and red ginger is a Chinese herbal concoction with potential as an antioxidant. This herbal combination can be extracted using the kinetic hot maceration method by optimizing the stirring speed to be more efficient. Previous studies have shown that using 400, 600, and 800 rpm stirring speeds provides the best IC50 and yield. Based on these problems, this research aims to determine the effect of increasing stirring speed on IC50 and % yield in the extraction of angkak and red ginger, as well as prove the benefits of this herbal combination through the IC50 value. The method used is extracting a mixture of angkak and red ginger at kinetic variations of 400, 600, and 800 rpm using a magnetic hotplate stirrer at a temperature of 60ºC for 2 hours; determination of % yield; determining the chromatogram profile using TLC; determination of antioxidant activity using DPPH; as well as data analysis of percentage yield and IC50 using SPSS. Analysis using SPSS shows that the stirring speed significantly affects the % yield, where increasing the moving speed above 400 rpm results in a decrease in the % yield. However, the moving speed does not affect the IC50. The TLC chromatogram profile shows the presence of 6-gingerol compounds in angkak and red and yellow pigment compounds in red ginger, which have potential as antioxidants. The optimization results in this study obtained optimal % yield and IC50 at 400 rpm with average values, respectively, namely 15.933 ± 3.4771% and 103.76 ± 10.032 ppm, and the combination of angkak and red ginger ingredients can work synergistically to increase yield and antioxidant.

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Section: Tlc Profilementioning

confidence: 87%

Kinetic optimization of angkak – red ginger extraction and its impact on antioxidant activity

Missy,

Fahrurroji,

Nugraha

et al. 2024

teknosains

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“…LSR was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA analyses as per the procedures mentioned in our recent article (Kumar et al, 2019d). The procedures used for HPTLC analysis were carried out as per our recent report and the detailed procedure mentioned in the Supplementary Material (Kumar et al, 2022b). Heavy-metal ions and essential metal ions of raw drugs and BM were analyzed by using ICP-OES as per our recent work (Kumar et al, 2019c).…”

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of the mechanism of purification and levigation of green chemistry-assisted biocomposites of red ochre (Gairika): synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antacid activities of the traditional Ayurvedic medicine Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa

Charde,

Kumar,

Dane

et al. 2023

Front. Chem.

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Gairika (red ochre) has a long history of influencing human civilization. Gairika is a rich source of nutrients used for reproductive and brain health. Gairika is mentioned as an antacid drug in Indian Ayurvedic medicine under Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa (LSR). However, a detailed study on LSR has not been reported to date. In the present study, LSR was prepared, and a pharmaceutical SOP (standardization procedure) was reported to obtain batch-to-batch reproducibility. LSR was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA analyses. LSR was tested in vitro for its antacid activity. Advanced instrumentation revealed that LSR formation produced symmetrical particles (5–8 µm) with kaolin, kaolinite, quartz, goethite, and hematite, along with the phytoconstituents of Goghrita (clarified cow’s butter), Shunthi, and Nagawalli, as confirmed by GC-MS/MS analysis. The FTIR study revealed the formation of a chelating complex of goethite and hematite along with their phytoconstituents. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of kaolin, kaolinite, quartz, goethite, and hematite. Using in vitro antacid experiments, LSR and Shunthi demonstrated significant antacid activity as compared to antacid drugs and standards in the market, such as CaCO3. The DPPH assay revealed IC50 values of 12.16 ± 1.23 mg/mL, which is 0.0029 of Trolox-equivalent antioxidant activity. The inhibition (18 ± 4 mm) against pathogens (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis) and the prominent growth of gut microbiota-supported strains (S. boulardii, L. paracasei, and L. plantarum) observed on LSR formulation were indicative of LSR application as a prebiotic. Here, the mechanism of purification and levigation mentioned in the classical literature of LSR was established. Overall, purification of Gairika with cow ghee and levigation with Nagawalli may enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and shelf-life of LSR through hydration and co-crystallization mechanisms. This is the first comprehensive report on the pharmaceutical validation of LSR and its characterization. The results of the present study could contribute to the development and reliable reproduction of LSR and the utility of environmental red ochre as a medicine in combination with Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Roxb.), as prescribed under Indian Ayurvedic medicine.

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Combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry analysis: a promising analytical tool for discrimination between oleo-gum resin of raw and purified Commiphora wightii

Charde

Jagtap

Gandhi

et al. 2022

JPC-J Planar Chromat

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Guggulu ( Commiphora wightii oleo-gum resin) is exported in more than 42 countries including developed countries like the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The demand for guggulu is more than its production. Various purification processes have been mentioned in Ayurvedic classical literature which are not explored well yet, so it is impossible to discriminate between purified and raw guggulu. In the present study, an effort was made where guggulu was purified by using cow urine and changes were analyzed by using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF–MS/MS). In HPTLC analysis, three new bands ( R F 0.31, 0.68, 0.74) and twelve other bands were observed including the bands of marker compounds guggulsterone E ( R F 0.81) and Z ( R F 0.85) at 254 nm. In LC–QTOF–MS/MS analysis, two new peaks at Rt 5.00 and 16.21 min were observed in cow urine-purified guggulu. After purification, all the peaks were resolute well which shows the effects of purification. Overall, in LC–MS/MS study, metabolites, viz ., 5-(13′ Z -nonadecenyl)resorcinol (Rt 8.31), 8 β -hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4,6-diene (Rt 10.33), guggulsterone E (Rt 12.99), guggulsterone Z (Rt 13.28), guggulsterol I (Rt = 15.19), mangiferolic acid (Rt = 15.27), 20( S ),21-epoxy-3-oxocholest-4-ene (Rt = 15.75), and guggulsterol II (Rt 16.23) were identified. The present study reports the first time a comparative analysis of raw guggulu and cow urine-purified guggulu by using advanced analytical tools like HPTLC and LC–QTOF–MS/MS. This study may be helpful in the standardization of and quality control of raw guggulu and cow urine-purified guggulu used in various formulations of guggulu.

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A validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of 6-gingerol, guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z in coded formulation AYUSH SG-5 prepared for rheumatoid arthritis

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Kinetic optimization of angkak – red ginger extraction and its impact on antioxidant activity

Kinetic optimization of angkak – red ginger extraction and its impact on antioxidant activity

Establishment of the mechanism of purification and levigation of green chemistry-assisted biocomposites of red ochre (Gairika): synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antacid activities of the traditional Ayurvedic medicine Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa

Combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry analysis: a promising analytical tool for discrimination between oleo-gum resin of raw and purified Commiphora wightii

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