A Urine Screening Test for Lysergide (LSD-25)

Faed, Ellen M.; McLeod, W. R.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/11.1.4

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Determination of urinary concentrations of LSD following a single dose of the drug (200 μg p.o.) in humans shows that the rate of excretion of LSD reaches a maximum approximately 4–6 h after administration [108]. The elimination half‐life for LSD is 3.6 h. LSD and its metabolites are reported to be detectable in the urine for as long as 4 days after ingestion [108].…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in humans shows that the rate of excretion of LSD reaches a maximum approximately 4–6 h after administration [108]. The elimination half‐life for LSD is 3.6 h. LSD and its metabolites are reported to be detectable in the urine for as long as 4 days after ingestion [108]. Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) screening test (cut‐off at 0.1 ng/mL) the detection limit for 100 μg LSD p.o.…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Passie

Halpern

Stichtenoth

et al. 2008

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

380

319

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called "experimental psychosis" by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures ("psycholytic" and "psychedelic" therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and better study oversight, scientific interest in LSD has resumed for brain research and experimental treatments. Due to the lack of any comprehensive review since the 1950s and the widely dispersed experimental literature, the present review focuses on all aspects of the pharmacology and psychopharmacology of LSD. A thorough search of the experimental literature regarding the pharmacology of LSD was performed and the extracted results are given in this review. (Psycho-) pharmacological research on LSD was extensive and produced nearly 10,000 scientific papers. The pharmacology of LSD is complex and its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. LSD is physiologically well tolerated and psychological reactions can be controlled in a medically supervised setting, but complications may easily result from uncontrolled use by layman. Actually there is new interest in LSD as an experimental tool for elucidating neural mechanisms of (states of) consciousness and there are recently discovered treatment options with LSD in cluster headache and with the terminally ill.

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Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Passie

Halpern

Stichtenoth

et al. 2008

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

380

319

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 The elimination half-life of LSD is 3.6 hours, and its rate of excretion is highest 4-6 hours after consumption. 11,12 The primary metabolite of LSD, 2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, can be found in urine up to 4 days after administration. 13 Like other classical psychedelics, such as DMT and psilocybin, LSD has very high affinity for the serotonin-2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor.…”

Section: Chemistry and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The elimination half-life of LSD is 3.6 hours, and its rate of excretion is highest 4–6 hours after consumption. 11,12 The primary metabolite of LSD, 2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, can be found in urine up to 4 days after administration. 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Beutler,

Shinozuka,

Tabaac

et al. 2024

American Journal of Therapeutics

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Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic agent. In the mid-20th century, it was used to augment psychoanalysis and to treat alcohol use disorder. However, LSD was banned in 1970 in part because of concerns that it could bring about or exacerbate mental illness. Its therapeutic potential remains incompletely understood. Areas of Uncertainty: While uncontrolled recreational use of LSD can, in rare instances, lead to long-term psychosis, adverse events in clinical trials of LSD, such as anxiety, headache, and nausea, have almost always been mild and transient. Serious adverse events, such as intense panic, suicidal ideation, and psychosis, were reported in either none or very few of the participants. However, patient selection criteria, optimal dosing strategy, and appropriate clinical follow-up guidelines remain to be established. Therapeutic Advances: Preliminary data suggest that LSD may be effective for the management of alcohol use disorder, anxiety, and depression. In trials of LSD for treating anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening illnesses, 77% of participants demonstrate durable relief at 1 year post-treatment. Top-line data from a large-scale phase IIb trial (n = 198) indicate that 50% of participants experience remission from generalized anxiety disorder after a single 100 μg dose of LSD. According to a meta-analysis of RCTs on LSD from the mid-20th century, single-dose regimens of LSD significantly improve alcohol use disorder (P < 0.0003) with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.96. Limitations: Only one large-scale clinical trial (>50 participants) has been conducted on LSD in the contemporary era of psychedelic research. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to explore potential clinical applications. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest that LSD may be one of the most potent treatments for anxiety in patients both with and without a life-threatening illness. LSD may also be beneficial for treating depression and substance use disorders.

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“…In a later in vitro study that used human liver microsomes, LAE was determined to be the major metabolite . Faed and McLeod reported the elimination half-life for LSD in man as 3.6 h. LSD and its metabolites were reported to be detectable in the urine for as long as 4 days after ingestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Nichols

2018

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive agents known, producing dramatic alterations of consciousness after submilligram (≥20 μg) oral doses. Following the accidental discovery of its potent psychoactive effects in 1943, it was supplied by Sandoz Laboratories as an experimental drug that might be useful as an adjunct for psychotherapy, or to give psychiatrists insight into the mental processes in their patients. The finding of serotonin in the mammalian brain in 1953, and its structural resemblance to LSD, quickly led to ideas that serotonin in the brain might be involved in mental disorders, initiating rapid research interest in the neurochemistry of serotonin. LSD proved to be physiologically very safe and nonaddictive, with a very low incidence of adverse events when used in controlled experiments. Widely hailed by psychiatry as a breakthrough in the 1950s and early 1960s, clinical research with LSD ended by about 1970, when it was formally placed into Schedule 1 of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 following its growing popularity as a recreational drug. Within the past 5 years, clinical research with LSD has begun in Europe, but there has been none in the United States. LSD is proving to be a powerful tool to help understand brain dynamics when combined with modern brain imaging methods. It remains to be seen whether therapeutic value for LSD can be confirmed in controlled clinical trials, but promising results have been obtained in small pilot trials of depression, anxiety, and addictions using psilocybin, a related psychedelic molecule.

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A Urine Screening Test for Lysergide (LSD-25)

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

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