A universal route towards thermoplastic lignin composites with improved mechanical properties

Hilburg, Shayna L.; Elder, Allison N.; Chung, Hoyong; Ferebee, Rachel; Bockstaller, Michael R.; Washburn, Newell R.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.070

Cited by 159 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As described earlier, to improve lignin's compatibility with PE, it might need to be chemically modified, e.g., by esterification [6,10,18,50] or atom transfer radical polymerization [51]. A sample with higher hydroxyl group content and precipitated at a lower pH might be preferable for this purpose, due to the high number of possible reactive sites.…”

Section: Pe/lignin Blends Preparation and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical properties of fractionated softwood kraft lignin and its potential use as a bio-based component in blends with polyethylene

et al. 2015

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This study describes a systematic characterization of lignin samples fractionated from industrial black liquor and an evaluation of their suitability as a component (50 wt.%) in thermoplastic blends with polyethylene with a special emphasis on tensile and impact properties. Industrial softwood kraft lignin was isolated from three different cooking stages and subsequently fractionated by sequential acid precipitation. Altogether, nine lignin fractions were subjected to several chemical/thermal analyses to compare their structural features and thermal decomposition properties. Lignin samples precipitated at pH 10.5 exhibited the highest molecular weight (M w) and purity, demonstrated by the lowest content of sulfur and polysaccharides. In contrast, samples precipitated at a low pH in general exhibited higher amount of impurities and low methoxyl group content. It was found that lignin precipitated at low pH contained the biggest share of sulfur present in kraft lignin. However, about 70 % of sulfur in these samples is present in non-bounded form and could be extracted with CS2. Additionally, low M w lignin exhibited a significantly lower T g value, which could favor material processing. A notable decrease in the thermal stability of the tested lignin samples was observed with a decrease in the molecular weight. In addition, lignin with a low M w, high phenolic hydroxyl groups, and lower number of double bonds seems to be favorable for increased tensile strength and elastic modulus of the polyethylene–lignin blend materials

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Section: Pe/lignin Blends Preparation and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical properties of fractionated softwood kraft lignin and its potential use as a bio-based component in blends with polyethylene

et al. 2015

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“…It is an indicator of the lignin reactivity [5] and by determining the hydroxyl content of different lignin samples, it is possible to compare them in terms of their relative -OH group content and reactivity. The hydroxyl groups give lignin its potential to be utilized in a variety of technical applications, such as thermosets [6], rubbers [7], polymer blends [8] and composites (including thermoplastic composites) [9], polyurethane foams [10], and dispersants [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Technical Lignins by Ionization Difference Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry (∆ε-IDUS method)

Goldmann

Ahola

Mankinen

et al. 2016

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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“…(15) In Scheme 1 is shown the synthetic strategy for preparing PMMA-grafted lignin using ATRP. Table 1 as reference for the following discussion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancing the mechanical properties of PMMA while reducing the energy and environmental footprint of the material is of significant technological importance since pristine PMMA -due to its amorphous characterexhibits rather limited modulus and toughness that often constrain its application. were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Lignin was acidified using previously reported methods, (15) and MMA monomer was passed through a basic alumina column before use to remove inhibitor. All other chemicals were used as received.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary toughening and strengthening effect in polymer nanocomposites using lignin-based fillers synthesized by ATRP

Shah

Gupta

Ferebee

et al. 2015

Polymer

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M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTUnderstanding of the governing parameters that control the interaction of bio-sourced fillers with synthetic polymer materials is a long-standing challenge for their exploitation as a platform for material engineering. For the case of graft-lignin embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) it is demonstrated that tethering of polymeric chains with appropriate chain length to the surface of lignin-fillers dramatically increases the mechanical properties of PMMA/lignin composites, suggesting the PMMA grafts significantly enhanced filler-matrix interactions. Most metrics were maximized at 1% loading, with a 3-fold increase in yield stress, a 4-fold increase in tensile strength, and a 7-fold increase in toughness, with a combination of properties that compare favorably to high-performance engineering polymers and polymer nanocomposites based on inorganic nanoparticles. The versatility of the surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization used for polymer graft modification suggests that the approach should be broadly applicable to a wide range of commodity and engineering polymers.

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A universal route towards thermoplastic lignin composites with improved mechanical properties

Cited by 159 publications

References 43 publications

Physico-chemical properties of fractionated softwood kraft lignin and its potential use as a bio-based component in blends with polyethylene

Physico-chemical properties of fractionated softwood kraft lignin and its potential use as a bio-based component in blends with polyethylene

Determination of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Technical Lignins by Ionization Difference Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry (∆ε-IDUS method)

Extraordinary toughening and strengthening effect in polymer nanocomposites using lignin-based fillers synthesized by ATRP

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