A universal, plug-and-play synchronisation scheme for practical quantum networks

D’Auria, Virginia; Fedrici, Bruno; Ngah, Lutfi Arif; Kaiser, Florian; Labonté, Laurent; Alibart, Olivier; Tanzilli, Sébastien

doi:10.1038/s41534-020-0245-9

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…">3.KPI is the latency, or the process cycle time during which elementary entangled pairs are generated, distributed, distilled, swapped, providing the support for teleportation; 4. (related to the choice of a synchronization scheme [ 31 ] ) is timing precision.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Selected Protocols—discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

2023

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In this paper, the key challenges (loss due to distance, entanglement routing, multi-commodities) for the coming quantum internet, relying on entanglement of quantum bits (for short, qubits) on top of an existing network, are analyzed. A unifying framework enabling to compare the various entanglement distribution, purification, and routing protocols published so far is presented. With regard to entanglement routing, the introduction of different time windows will be essential in order to cope efficiently with the main challenges like complex route calculation and fidelity estimation on the one hand, actual entanglement route selection and entangled photon generation on the other hand. For a roll-out on top of existing transmission networks, all the research publications for the last 20 years start to cover pretty well the global scheme. Nevertheless, open questions remain, like the actual advantage of some task execution prior to the online quantum path selection, or the design of algorithms approximating the multi-commodities flow optimization problem, or the issue of dealing with a processing time not much longer than the qubit life time.

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Section: Analysis Of the Selected Protocols—discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

2023

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“…Clock synchronization is sometimes achieved by directly sending Alice's clock signal to Bob over a separate channel via an optical link or using a radio-frequency signal [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, this introduces additional hardware requirements and increases the cost and complexity of the setup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qubit-Based Clock Synchronization for QKD Systems Using a Bayesian Approach

Cochran

Gauthier

2021

Entropy

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems provide a method for two users to exchange a provably secure key. Synchronizing the users’ clocks is an essential step before a secure key can be distilled. Qubit-based synchronization protocols directly use the transmitted quantum states to achieve synchronization and thus avoid the need for additional classical synchronization hardware. Previous qubit-based synchronization protocols sacrifice secure key either directly or indirectly, and all known qubit-based synchronization protocols do not efficiently use all publicly available information published by the users. Here, we introduce a Bayesian probabilistic algorithm that incorporates all published information to efficiently find the clock offset without sacrificing any secure key. Additionally, the output of the algorithm is a probability, which allows us to quantify our confidence in the synchronization. For demonstration purposes, we present a model system with accompanying simulations of an efficient three-state BB84 prepare-and-measure protocol with decoy states. We use our algorithm to exploit the correlations between Alice’s published basis and mean photon number choices and Bob’s measurement outcomes to probabilistically determine the most likely clock offset. We find that we can achieve a 95 percent synchronization confidence in only 4140 communication bin widths, meaning we can tolerate clock drift approaching 1 part in 4140 in this example when simulating this system with a dark count probability per communication bin width of 8×10−4 and a received mean photon number of 0.01.

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“…In addition to the increased precision, this approach is independent on the SUT, leading to universal and versatile optical property measurements [13]. HOM-interferometry stands as a fundamental concept in quantum optics [11] and is of particular relevance for the measurement of indistinguishable photons [14], that lies at the heart of quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping [15,16]. Furthermore, the HOM effect has been exploited for generating path-entangled twophoton N00N state [17], a class of states widely used in enhanced phase-sensing based quantum-metrology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-limited determination of refractive index difference by means of entanglement

Reisner¹,

Mazeas²,

Dauliat³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Shaping single-mode operation in high-power fibres requires a precise knowledge of the gainmedium optical properties. This requires accurate measurements of the refractive index differences (∆n) between the core and the cladding of the fiber. We exploit a quantum optical method based on low-coherence Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry to perform practical measurements of the refractive index difference using broadband energy-time entangled photons. The precision enhancement reached with this method is benchmarked with a classical method based on single photon interferometry. We show in classical regime an improvement by an order of magnitude of the precision compared to already reported classical methods. Strikingly, in the quantum regime, we demonstrate an extra factor of 4 on the accuracy enhancement, exhibiting a state-of-the-art ∆n precision of 6 × 10 −7 . This work sets the quantum photonics metrology as a powerful characterization tool that should enable a faster and reliable design of materials dedicated to light amplification.

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A universal, plug-and-play synchronisation scheme for practical quantum networks

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

Qubit-Based Clock Synchronization for QKD Systems Using a Bayesian Approach

Quantum-limited determination of refractive index difference by means of entanglement

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