A Universal Parameter to Predict Subaerial  Landslide Tsunamis?

Heller, Valentin; Hager, Willi H.

doi:10.3390/jmse2020400

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These dimensionless groups were formed to match the numbers used in previous studies [ Huber and Hager , ; Heller and Hager , ; Mohammed and Fritz , ; Heller and Hager , ] and so facilitate comparison. With this notation, equation becomes

Fr \frac{d ((), N^{'} u_{p}^{'})}{d t^{'}} = ϕ_{0} F r^{2} \frac{Π_{2} Π_{3}}{Π_{1}} s^{'} \overset{2}{\cos} θ - 6 \frac{c ((), {Re}_{p})}{Π_{3} Π_{4}} N^{'} | Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}^{'} | ((), Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}^{'})

whereas in the y direction, we get

Fr \frac{d ((), N^{'} v_{p}^{'})}{d t^{'}} = - \frac{1}{2} ϕ_{0} F r^{2} \frac{Π_{2} Π_{3}}{Π_{1}} s^{'} \sin 2 θ - ((), 1 - \frac{1}{Π_{3}}) N^{'} - 6 \frac{c ((), {Re}_{p})}{Π_{3} Π_{4}} N^{'} | Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}

…”

Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impulse waves generated by snow avalanches: Momentum and energy transfer to a water body

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When a snow avalanche enters a body of water, it creates an impulse wave whose effects may be catastrophic. Assessing the risk posed by such events requires estimates of the wave's features. Empirical equations have been developed for this purpose in the context of landslides and rock avalanches. Despite the density difference between snow and rock, these equations are also used in avalanche protection engineering. We developed a theoretical model which describes the momentum transfers between the particle and water phases of such events. Scaling analysis showed that these momentum transfers were controlled by a number of dimensionless parameters. Approximate solutions could be worked out by aggregating the dimensionless numbers into a single dimensionless group, which then made it possible to reduce the system's degree of freedom. We carried out experiments that mimicked a snow avalanche striking a reservoir. A lightweight granular material was used as a substitute for snow. The setup was devised so as to satisfy the Froude similarity criterion between the real‐world and laboratory scenarios. Our experiments in a water channel showed that the numerical solutions underestimated wave amplitude by a factor of 2 on average. We also compared our experimental data with those obtained by Heller and Hager (2010), who used the same relative particle density as in our runs, but at higher slide Froude numbers.

show abstract

Fr \frac{d ((), N^{'} u_{p}^{'})}{d t^{'}} = ϕ_{0} F r^{2} \frac{Π_{2} Π_{3}}{Π_{1}} s^{'} \overset{2}{\cos} θ - 6 \frac{c ((), {Re}_{p})}{Π_{3} Π_{4}} N^{'} | Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}^{'} | ((), Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}^{'})

whereas in the y direction, we get

Fr \frac{d ((), N^{'} v_{p}^{'})}{d t^{'}} = - \frac{1}{2} ϕ_{0} F r^{2} \frac{Π_{2} Π_{3}}{Π_{1}} s^{'} \sin 2 θ - ((), 1 - \frac{1}{Π_{3}}) N^{'} - 6 \frac{c ((), {Re}_{p})}{Π_{3} Π_{4}} N^{'} | Fr ū_{p}^{'} - ū_{f}

…”

Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In other words, the dimension of the parameter space dropped from 8 to 2. This substantiates a long‐standing practice in the development of empirical equations for predicting impulse waves [ Huber and Hager , ; Vischer and Hager , ; Zweifel et al , ; Heller and Hager , , ]. Yet experiments told us a slightly different story.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulse waves generated by snow avalanches: Momentum and energy transfer to a water body

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first generic 3D study was conducted by Huber (1980) This transformation method must be considered as an engineering approach rather than arising from a highly scientific basis. However, several real-world applications of Heller et al (2009) confirmed that this transformation method results in realistic predictions (Fuchs and Boes, 2010;Heller and Hager, 2014;Battaglia et al, 2015). (24) from Mohammed and Fritz (2012)].…”

Section: Wave Basin (3d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

Heller

Spinneken

2015

Coastal Engineering

Self Cite

118

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heller, Valentin and Spinneken, Johannes (2015) On the effect of the water body geometry on landslidetsunamis: physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation. Coastal Engineering, Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34071/1/On%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20water %20body%20geometry%20on%20landslide-tsunamis%20updated%20for %20ResearchGate.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Accepted for publication in Coastal Engineering 104(10), 113-134 (doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.006 Abstract: Preliminary landslide-tsunami hazard assessment is commonly based on empirical equations derived from wave channel (2D) or wave basin (3D) experiments. The far-field wave in 2D can easily be an order of magnitude larger than in 3D. The present study systematically investigates the effect of the water body geometry on the wave characteristics in the near-and far-field. Subaerial landslide-tsunami tests were conducted relying upon both a 2D and a 3D physical model, undertaken with identical boundary conditions. The test parameters included two water depths, three rigid slides, as well as various slide release positions. Empirical equations for 3D offshore and laterally onshore wave properties are presented and compared with previous work. A direct comparison of the wave features reveals that the waves decay in 2D, 3D onshore and 3D offshore with x −0.30 , r −0.67 and r −1.0 , where x (2D) and r (3D) describe the distance from the impact zone. In 2D four wave types are observed, whereas only the two least non-linear types were observed in 3D. This finding is further analysed with wavelet spectra. For a large slide Froude number F, relative slide 2 thickness S and relative slide mass M, the 3D wave heights in the slide impact zone can be as large as in 2D. However, for small F, S and M, the 3D waves are considerably smaller both in the near-and far-field. A novel method is presented and validated to transform data from 2D studies to 3D. This method may have favourable implications on preliminary landslidetsunami hazard assessment.Keywords: Hazard assessment; Impulse wave; Landslide-tsunami; Physical modeling; Water waves; Wave generation. Introduction OverviewLandslide-tsunamis are generated by mass m...

show abstract

“…Finally, while multilayered depth‐averaged models have been successfully applied to tsunamis generated by submarine landslides, they are unsuitable for modeling tsunamis generated by subaerial landslides, wherein the dominant wave‐generating mechanisms are due to longitudinal mass displacement and momentum exchange, not to vertical motion of the seafloor. [see Yavari‐Ramshe and Ataie‐Ashtiani , for an overview, and results from Fritz et al , , ; Okal and Synolakis , ; Heller and Hager , ; Heller , ; Xiao and Lin , , and others].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New methodology for computing tsunami generation by subaerial landslides: Application to the 2015 Tyndall Glacier landslide, Alaska

George

Iverson

Cannon

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Landslide‐generated tsunamis pose significant hazards and involve complex, multiphase physics that are challenging to model. We present a new methodology in which our depth‐averaged two‐phase model D‐Claw is used to seamlessly simulate all stages of landslide dynamics as well as tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Because the model describes the evolution of solid and fluid volume fractions, it treats both landslides and tsunamis as special cases of a more general class of phenomena. Therefore, the landslide and tsunami can be efficiently simulated as a single‐layer continuum with evolving solid‐grain concentrations, and with wave generation via direct longitudinal momentum transfer—a dominant physical mechanism that has not been previously addressed in this manner. To test our methodology, we used D‐Claw to model a large subaerial landslide and resulting tsunami that occurred on 17 October 2015, in Taan Fjord near the terminus of Tyndall Glacier, Alaska. Modeled shoreline inundation patterns compare well with those observed in satellite imagery.

show abstract

A Universal Parameter to Predict Subaerial Landslide Tsunamis?

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Impulse waves generated by snow avalanches: Momentum and energy transfer to a water body

Impulse waves generated by snow avalanches: Momentum and energy transfer to a water body

On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

New methodology for computing tsunami generation by subaerial landslides: Application to the 2015 Tyndall Glacier landslide, Alaska

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About