A Unique Gut Microbiome–Physical Function Axis Exists in Older People with HIV: An Exploratory Study

Dillon, Stephanie M.; Abdo, Mona; Wilson, Melissa P; Liu, Jay; Jankowski, C.M.; Robertson, Charles E.; Tunçil, Yunus E.; Hamaker, Bruce R.; Frank, Daniel N.; MaWhinney, Samantha; Wilson, Cara C.; Erlandson, Kristine M.

doi:10.1089/aid.2020.0283

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In our HIV+ study cohort, the analysis of taxonomic composition of microbiome revealed a dominance of the Prevotella enterotype, thereby providing a rationale for study participants with looser stool. 52 Consistent with our observation, such an enrichment of Prevotella has also been independently reported by other studies in PLHIV [45][46][47][53][54][55] and MSM. 44,[56][57][58] It is important to note within this context that SCFA are fermented among others through Prevotellaceae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Brauckmann

Nambiar

Potthoff

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Non‐AIDS‐associated chronic diseases in HIV+ patients have been on the rise since the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Especially cardiovascular diseases and disruption in the gastrointestinal tract have limited health‐related quality of life (QoL). Several of those complications have been associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), with propionate as one of the major compounds, have been described as an important link between gut microbiota and the immune system, defining the pro‐ and the anti‐inflammatory milieu through direct and indirect regulation of T‐cell homeostasis. The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium propionate (SP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have not yet been investigated prior to this study. Objectives To investigate the impact of SP uptake among PLHIV and its relevance to improve QoL, the study aimed to investigate metabolic, immunological, microbiome and patient‐reported QoL‐related changes post‐SP supplementation with follow‐up. Methods A prospective, non‐randomized, controlled, monocentric interventional study was conducted in WIR, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, in Bochum, Germany. 32 HIV+ patients with unaltered ART‐regimen in the last three months were included. Participants were given SP for a duration of 12 weeks in the form of daily oral supplementation and were additionally followed‐up for another 12 weeks. Results The supplementation of SP was well tolerated. We found an improvement in lipid profiles and long‐term blood glucose levels. A decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines and a depletion of effector T cells was observed. Regulatory T cells and IL‐10 decreased. Furthermore, changes in taxonomic composition of the microbiome during follow‐up were observed and improvement of items of self‐reported life‐quality assessment. Conclusion Taken together, the beneficial impact of SP in PLHIV reflects its potential in improving metabolic parameters and modulating pro‐inflammatory immune responses. Thus, possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders and facilitating long‐term improvement of the gut flora.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Brauckmann

Nambiar

Potthoff

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…In line with our data, the genera Dorea, to which D. longicatena belongs to, and Coprococcus, to which C. comes belongs to, were positively associated with lean mass in a small study of older persons with HIV (n = 14) 33 . The genus Coprococcus has also been associated with higher lean mass in premenopausal women (n = 40) 18 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Identification of three bacterial species associated with increased appendicular lean mass: the HUNT study

et al. 2023

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Appendicular lean mass (ALM) associates with mobility and bone mineral density (BMD). While associations between gut microbiota composition and ALM have been reported, previous studies rely on relatively small sample sizes. Here, we determine the associations between prevalent gut microbes and ALM in large discovery and replication cohorts with information on relevant confounders within the population-based Norwegian HUNT cohort (n = 5196, including women and men). We show that the presence of three bacterial species – Coprococcus comes, Dorea longicatena, and Eubacterium ventriosum – are reproducibly associated with higher ALM. When combined into an anabolic species count, participants with all three anabolic species have 0.80 kg higher ALM than those without any. In an exploratory analysis, the anabolic species count is positively associated with femoral neck and total hip BMD. We conclude that the anabolic species count may be used as a marker of ALM and BMD. The therapeutic potential of these anabolic species to prevent sarcopenia and osteoporosis needs to be determined.

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Associations between gut microbiota and sarcopenia or its defining parameters in older adults: A systematic review

Lapauw,

Rutten,

Dupont

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Altered gut microbiota (GM) potentially contribute to development or worsening of sarcopenia through a gut‐muscle axis. This systematic review aims to compare GM between persons with sarcopenia or low sarcopenia‐defining parameters (muscle mass, strength, and physical performance) to those with preserved muscle status, as well as to clarify possible associations between sarcopenia (‐defining parameters) and relative abundance (RA) of GM‐taxa or GM‐(α‐ or β) diversity indices, in order to clarify whether there is robust evidence of the existence of a GM signature for sarcopenia. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA‐reporting guideline and pre‐registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021259597). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library were searched until 20 July 2023. Included studies reported on GM and sarcopenia or its defining parameters. Observational studies were included with populations of mean age ≥50 years. Thirty‐two studies totalling 10 781 persons (58.56% ♀) were included. Thirteen studies defined sarcopenia as a construct. Nineteen studies reported at least one sarcopenia‐defining parameter (muscle mass, strength or physical performance). Studies found different GM‐taxa at multiple levels to be significantly associated with sarcopenia (n = 4/6), muscle mass (n = 13/14), strength (n = 7/9), and physical performance (n = 3/3); however, directions of associations were heterogeneous and also conflicting for specific GM‐taxa. Regarding β‐diversity, studies found GM of persons with sarcopenia, low muscle mass, or low strength to cluster differently compared with persons with preserved muscle status. α‐diversity was low in persons with sarcopenia or low muscle mass as compared with those with preserved muscle status, indicating low richness and diversity. In line with this, α‐diversity was significantly and positively associated with muscle mass (n = 3/4) and muscle strength (n = 2/3). All reported results were significant (P < 0.05). Persons with sarcopenia and low muscle parameters have less rich and diverse GM and can be separated from persons with preserved muscle mass and function based on GM‐composition. Sarcopenia and low muscle parameters are also associated with different GM‐taxa at multiple levels, but results were heterogeneous and no causal conclusions could be made due to the cross‐sectional design of the studies. This emphasizes the need for uniformly designed cross‐sectional and longitudinal trials with appropriate GM confounder control in large samples of persons with sarcopenia and clearly defined core outcome sets in order to further explore changes in GM‐taxa and to determine a sarcopenia‐specific GM‐signature.

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A Unique Gut Microbiome–Physical Function Axis Exists in Older People with HIV: An Exploratory Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Identification of three bacterial species associated with increased appendicular lean mass: the HUNT study

Associations between gut microbiota and sarcopenia or its defining parameters in older adults: A systematic review

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