A unique epidermal mucus lectin identified from catfish (Silurus asotus): first evidence of intelectin in fish skin slime

Tsutsui, Shigeyuki; Komatsu, Yoshimi; Sugiura, Takaya; Araki, Kyosuke; Nakamura, Osamu

doi:10.1093/jb/mvr085

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The environmental pH and calcium concentration may influence susceptibility of fish to infection, affecting both the host (33,34) and pathogen (35). Furthermore, these levels may differ between different growth and assay buffer media used for in vitro studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺

et al. 2017

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Aeromonas salmonicida causes furunculosis in salmonids and is a threat to Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The epithelial surfaces that the pathogen colonizes are covered by a mucus layer predominantly comprised of secreted mucins. By using mass spectrometry to identify mucin glycan structures with and without enzymatic removal of glycan residues, coupled to measurements of bacterial growth, we show here that the complex Atlantic salmon intestinal mucin glycans enhance A. salmonicida growth, whereas the more simple skin mucin glycans do not. Of the glycan residues present terminally on the salmon mucins, only N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) enhances growth. Sialic acids, which have an abundance of 75% among terminal glycans from skin and of Ͻ50% among intestinal glycans, cannot be removed or used by A. salmonicida for growth-enhancing purposes, and they shield internal GlcNAc from utilization. A Ca 2ϩ concentration above 0.1 mM is needed for A. salmonicida to be able to utilize mucins for growth-promoting purposes, and 10 mM further enhances both A. salmonicida growth in response to mucins and binding of the bacterium to mucins. In conclusion, GlcNAc and sialic acids are important determinants of the A. salmonicida interaction with its host at the mucosal surface. Furthermore, since the mucin glycan repertoire affects pathogen growth, the glycan repertoire may be a factor to take into account during breeding and selection of strains for aquaculture.KEYWORDS Atlantic salmon, GlcNAc, HexNAc, NeuAc, O-glycan, calcium, furunculosis, mucin, proliferation T he Atlantic salmon is an anadromous salmonid with a life cycle that includes both freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) stages. This is reflected in current husbandry protocols, where juveniles (parr) are grown in FW until they have undergone a developmental stage, i.e., the parr-smolt transformation or smoltification, preparing the fish for a life in the sea. After successful smoltification, wild fish, called smolts, normally migrate from their native FW streams into the sea. Farmed smolts are instead usually transferred to large net pens in the sea for growth until slaughter (this growth phase is termed "on-growth"). The global yearly production rate of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., exceeded 2.3 million tons in the year 2014, and the yearly production is expected to continue to grow even more (2).Fish primary barriers, the skin, gills, and gut, are in direct contact with the environment and capable of nurturing both bacteria and viruses (3). Diseases are easily spread

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺

et al. 2017

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“…It may also give innate immunity against infectious pathogens28 like the epidermal slime of the more evolved fishes2930. Soapfish31 and boxfish32 slime evolved into a toxic form presumably to deter predators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hagfish predatory behaviour and slime defence mechanism

Zintzen

Roberts

Anderson

et al. 2011

Sci Rep

119

104

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Hagfishes (Myxinidae), a family of jawless marine pre-vertebrates, hold a unique evolutionary position, sharing a joint ancestor with the entire vertebrate lineage. They are thought to fulfil primarily the ecological niche of scavengers in the deep ocean. However, we present new footage from baited video cameras that captured images of hagfishes actively preying on other fish. Video images also revealed that hagfishes are able to choke their would-be predators with gill-clogging slime. This is the first time that predatory behaviour has been witnessed in this family, and also demonstrates the instantaneous effectiveness of hagfish slime to deter fish predators. These observations suggest that the functional adaptations and ecological role of hagfishes, past and present, might be far more diverse than previously assumed. We propose that the enduring success of this oldest extant family of fishes over 300 million years could largely be due to their unique combination of functional traits.

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“…A new type of skin mucus lectin was recently found in catfish (Silurus asotus), and it was the first evidence of a fish intelectin protein [202]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that the lectin gene was expressed in the skin (as well as in gill and kidney) and more concretely in skin and gill club cells.…”

Section: Lectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal's immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.

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A unique epidermal mucus lectin identified from catfish (Silurus asotus): first evidence of intelectin in fish skin slime

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺

Hagfish predatory behaviour and slime defence mechanism

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

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A unique epidermal mucus lectin identified from catfish (Silurus asotus): first evidence of intelectin in fish skin slime

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca 2+

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca 2+

Hagfish predatory behaviour and slime defence mechanism

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and N -Acetylhexosamine-Containing O -Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca ²⁺