A Unifying Theory

Fantini, Jacques; Yahi, Nouara

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800111-0.00013-8

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 114 publications

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“…In UNILIPID, we chose an energy-based approach to characterize the lipid-protein interaction for membrane insertion, in contrast to e.g., a rule-based approach [ 50 ]. This choice makes biological sense as these interactions are widely characterized experimentally [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNILIPID, a Methodology for Energetically Accurate Prediction of Protein Insertion into Implicit Membranes of Arbitrary Shape

Lanrezac

Baaden

2023

Membranes

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The insertion of proteins into membranes is crucial for understanding their function in many biological processes. In this work, we present UNILIPID, a universal implicit lipid-protein description as a methodology for dealing with implicit membranes. UNILIPID is independent of the scale of representation and can be applied at the level of all atoms, coarse-grained particles down to the level of a single bead per amino acid. We provide example implementations for these scales and demonstrate the versatility of our approach by accurately reflecting the free energy of transfer for each amino acid. In addition to single membranes, we describe the analytical implementation of double membranes and show that UNILIPID is well suited for modeling at multiple scales. We generalize to membranes of arbitrary shape. With UNILIPID, we provide a methodological framework for a simple and general parameterization tuned to reproduce a selected reference hydrophobicity scale. The software we provide along with the methodological description is optimized for specific user features such as real-time response, live visual analysis, and virtual reality experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNILIPID, a Methodology for Energetically Accurate Prediction of Protein Insertion into Implicit Membranes of Arbitrary Shape

Lanrezac

Baaden

2023

Membranes

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The Complexification of Maxwell's Equations

Amoroso¹,

Rauscher²

2011

Series on Knots and Everything

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In this chapter we demonstrate that complex electric and magnetic fields are consistent with a geometry consisting of complex spacetime. We thus demonstrate that complex spacetime coordinates are not inconsistent with electromagnetic phenomena and may point to a direction for its unification with gravitational phenomena, in the weak Weyl field limit. The particular case we examine in detail is for an electron in a field where we derive Coulomb's equation. We examine this unification using the Weyl geometry in the linear approximation of the gravitational field.Should we not then use the equations of motion in high-energy as well as low energy physics? I say we should. A theory with mathematical beauty is more likely to be correct than an ugly one that fits some experimental data. -Albert Einstein Complex Electromagnetic FieldsThe linear approximation of Weyl geometry [1-4] for the gravitational field is consistent with the conditions of the 5D Kaluza-Klein geometry [5,6]. We present the formalism for the complexification of the electric and magnetic fields in this approach. We obtain additional symmetry conditions on the classical form of Maxwell's equations; and we obtain a non-zero divergence condition for the magnetic field which may be identifiable with a magnetic monopole term.The relationship of the geodesic world lines and the electromagnetic field lines involve the definition of the field line structure. The field lines represent equipotential surfaces or they are lines connecting equipotential surfaces on a field map. For the gravitational tensor potential, this map is the geodesic path on the light cone, i.e., the path that a photon will take according to the least action principle. We can similarly define an electromagnetic vector potential in analogy to which we denote, We use the formalism of Weyl to describe the manner in which we can derive Maxwell's equations, and in particular, Coulomb's law from the properties of We then expand this formalism to include electromagnetic field components with real and imaginary parts and discuss the implications of this formalism. We also relate this formalism into our complex spacetime multidimensional geometry and then demonstrate that a complex "space" can be represented as a multidimensional real space with complex rotation represented by a generalized Lorentz transformation, It is likely that the transformation includes all the affine connections. See Fig. 1. Inomata [7] and Rauscher [8-13] introduce a simple but elegant concept -complex components to the electric and magnetic field vectors. He starts from Maxwell's equations in their usual form for an electromagnetic media for electric charge, and electric current, . Then we write Maxwell's equations in their usual form [14] which build on the extensive work of Faraday and others [15]:

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The Complex Form of Relativistic Maxwell's Equations

Amoroso¹,

Rauscher²

2011

Series on Knots and Everything

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A Unifying Theory

Cited by 7 publications

References 114 publications

UNILIPID, a Methodology for Energetically Accurate Prediction of Protein Insertion into Implicit Membranes of Arbitrary Shape

UNILIPID, a Methodology for Energetically Accurate Prediction of Protein Insertion into Implicit Membranes of Arbitrary Shape

The Complexification of Maxwell's Equations

The Complex Form of Relativistic Maxwell's Equations

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