A Unified Theory of All the Fields in Elementary Particle Physics Derived Solely from the Zero-Point Energy in Quantized Spacetime

Abstract

We propose a new theory beyond the standard model of elementary-particle physics. Employing the concept of a quantized spacetime, our theory demonstrates that the zero-point energy of the vacuum alone is sufficient to create all the fields, including gravity, the static electromagnetic field, and the weak and strong interactions. No serious undetermined parameters are assumed. Furthermore, the relations between the forces at the quantum-mechanics level is made clear. Using these relations, we quantize Einstein’s gravitational equation and explain the Dark Energy in our universe. Beginning with the zero-point energy of the vacuum, and after quantizing Newtonian gravity, we combine the energies of a static electromagnetic field and gravity in a quantum spacetime. Applying these results to the Einstein gravity equation, we substitute the energy density derived from the zero-point energy in addition to redefining differentials in a quantized spacetime. We thus derive the quantized Einstein gravitational equation without assuming the existence of macroscopic masses. This also explains the existence of the Dark Energy in the universe. For the weak interaction, by considering plane-wave electron and the zero-point energy, we obtain a wavefunction that represents a β collapse. In this process, from a different point of view than Weinberg-Salam theory, we derive the masses of the W and Z bosons and the neutrino, and we calculate the radius of the neutron. For the strong interaction, we previously reported an analytical theory for calculating the mass of a proton by considering a specific linear attractive potential obtained from the zero-point energy, which agrees well with the measurements. In the present study, we calculate the strong interaction between two nucleons, i.e., the mass of the pi-meson. The resulting calculated quantities agree with the measurements, which verifies our proposed theory.

Theory on Neutrino Self-Energy and Neutrino Oscillation with Consideration of Superconducting Energy Gap and Fermi’s Golden Rule

“…On a more concise note, this means that the speed of neutrino is almost the same as the speed of light. Indeed, our calculations in [1] estimated the neutrino speed at 0.993c. .…”

“…Accordingly, we have described in [1] rotates to create a quantized magnetic field energy, which then produces the Lorentz forces F, which are equal to the attractive gravitational force F.…”

“…In our previous articles [1,2], we presented a theory that brings into unison all the fields of particle physics, such as gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak interaction, strong interaction, and quantization of the Einstein gravity equation under the concepts of quantized time-space and sole energy source (which we call therein as the zero-point energy). Essentially, we have defined the meaning of a β collapse in these articles, but did not describe the characteristic of neutrinos.…”

“…Unfortunately, there is no existing theory that could predict such extremely small energy of a neutrino. Herein, quantized spacetimes were embedded with up-and down-spin leptons; these electrons combine with each other due to magnetic field energy (i.e., gravitational energy) [1], and thus, they behave as a boson. By principle, bosons in the universe follow the Bose-Einstein condensation, which then produces a superconducting energy gap that can be considered as extremely small.…”

“…Our article is structured as follows. Firstly, we provide a brief review about the concepts of a quantized time-space and the zero-point energy [1]. Secondly, we carry out calculations to determine the attractive force binding each quantized time-space.…”