A unified theory for pilot opinion rating

Smith, Ralph H.

doi:10.1037/e506152009-039

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…6, using the structural model, are consistently superior to Smith's results in Ref. 2. Figure 8 shows a plot of the mean square tracking error in the primary loop, as generated by the structural model, for the 35 configurations studied here.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…2 Smith's hypothesis centered upon a physical explanation for the manner in which the human pilot generates numerical opinion ratings of the handling qualities of a vehicle, such as an aircraft. Smith held that in any closed-loop tracking task, such as aircraft pitch attitude regulation in turbulence, pitchrate control is of fundamental importance, both from the standpoint of pilot/vehicle system performance, and from the standpoint of perceived vehicle handling qualities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory for aircraft handling qualities based upon a structural pilotmodel

Hess

1989

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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A theory for describing the manner in which aircraft dynamic characteristics determine pilot opinion ratings of aircraft handling qualities is discussed. The theory centers upon the role of pilot rate feedback in continuous tracking. A structural model of the human pilot is used to quantify the amount of rate feedback the pilot is required to use in the control of an aircraft in a specific task. Using the model, 35 vehicle configurations that have been evaluated in manned simulation are analyzed. The tasks range from simple single axis, single-loop pitch attitude tracking to precision hover and landing approach, in which control of both vehicle position and attitude are required. The manner in which control system sensitivity affects pilot opinion rating is also investigated. The rate feedback theory is supported by the results of the model-based analyses, where it is shown that the mean square value of the rate feedback signal in the model correlates with the pilot opinion ratings obtained from experiment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory for aircraft handling qualities based upon a structural pilotmodel

Hess

1989

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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“…It has been suggested by Smith 11 that, in any closed-loop tracking task, rate control activity on the part of the pilot is of fundamental importance from the standpoint of perceived handling qualities. For example, if the control task is pitchattitude regulation in turbulence, pitch-rate control is the rate control activity in question.…”

Section: Handling Qualities Sensitivity Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight simulator fidelity assessment in a rotorcraft lateral translation maneuver

Hess

Malsbury

Atencio

1993

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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A model-based methodology for assessing flight simulator fidelity in closed-loop fashion is exercised in analyzing a rotorcraft low-altitude maneuver for which flight test and simulation results were available. The addition of a handling qualities sensitivity function to a previously developed model-based assessment criteria allows an analytical comparison of both performance and handling qualities between simulation and flight test. Model predictions regarding the existence of simulator fidelity problems are corroborated by experiment. The modeling approach is used to assess analytically the effects of modifying simulator characteristics on simulator fidelity.

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“…With A l representing the average amplitude (with sign) of the /th pulse of u 8 (t), Eq. (4) can be rewritten as (5) The computational aspects of Eq. (5) are considerably simpler than those implied by Eq.…”

Section: Human Operator Pulsive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rationale for Human Operator Pulsive Control Behavior

Hess¹

1979

Journal of Guidance and Control

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When performing tracking tasks which involve demanding controlled elements such as those with K/s 2 dynamics, the human operator often develops discrete or pulsvie control outputs. Although such pulsive control behavior has been linked to the necessity for low-frequency lead equalization on the part of the human operator, no satisfactory model-based explanation of pulsive behavior has been offered to date. A dual-loop model of the human operator is discussed, the dominant adaptive feature of which is the explicit appearance of an internal model of the manipulator-controlled element dynamics in an inner feedback loop. Using this model, a rationale for pulsive control behavior is offered which is based upon the assumption that the human attempts to reduce the computational burden associated with time integration of sensory inputs. It is shown that such time integration is a natural consequence of having an internal representation of the K/s 2 -controlled element dynamics in the dual-loop model. A digital simulation is discussed in which a modified form of the dual-loop model is shown to be capable of producing pulsive control behavior qualitively comparable to that obtained in experiment. d e e d J k K K e m m n e s Pu 5 r» a. tpi T Nomenclature disturbance -(m + d), error Y d e, displayed error imaginary unit integer exponent appearing in Y p . controlled element gain gain appearing in Y p = frequency, rad/s = neuromuscular frequency, rad/s system undamped natural pY. , = gain appearing in Y p . , s = gain appearing in crossover approximation to Y d Y c -controlled element output due to control activity = human operator's estimate of m, s ~ l = injected error remnant = Laplace variable = lead time constant appearing in Y p , s = washout time constant appearing in Y n . , s "in = "e-Um = output of Y p -output of Y pe -output of Yp= force output of neuromuscular system = manipulator dynamics = human operator's model of manipulator-controlled element dynamics = controlled element dynamics = display dynamics = human operator single-loop describing function = outer-loop equalization dynamics in dual-loop human operator model = inner-loop equalization dynamics in dual-loop human operator model = human operator neuromuscular dynamics = nonlinear element in dual-loop human operator model = manipulator output = neuromuscular system damping ratio = parameters which determine characteristics of Y pu = relative correlated output = root-mean-square value of variable x = time delay, s = power spectral density of variable x

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A unified theory for pilot opinion rating

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Theory for aircraft handling qualities based upon a structural pilotmodel

Theory for aircraft handling qualities based upon a structural pilotmodel

Flight simulator fidelity assessment in a rotorcraft lateral translation maneuver

A Rationale for Human Operator Pulsive Control Behavior

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