A unified bottom up multiscale strategy to model gas sensors based on conductive polymers

Byshkin, Maksym; Buonocore, Francesco; Matteo, Andrea Di; Milano, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.01.039

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This effect is explained by the effect of water on the conductivity of polyaniline. Based on numerical simulations, it was found that water molecules increase the binding of the dopant to the PANI, and thus increase the conductivity [50], [51]. For this reason, water is treated as a secondary admixture.…”

Section: Results Of Electrical Investigation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on Electric Conductivity of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyaniline Fibers

et al. 2021

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The article presents an analysis of the influence of temperature on the electrical conductivity of composite polyacrylonitrile-polyaniline fibers (PAN/PANI). The fibers are obtained by synthesizing polyaniline directly in the spinning solution of fiber-forming polyacrylonitrile and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods. Electrical characterization of fibers is performed by current-voltage characteristic. The polarizing voltage of the electrodes in the range from -1 V to 1 V with a speed of 100 mV/sec is changed cyclically and linearly while simultaneously the current is measured. The current-voltage characteristic of the fibers is recorded at various temperatures in the range from -15 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. Based on the measurements, temperature changes in the conductance are determined in constant relative humidity. The current-voltage characteristics of the fibers in the ambient atmosphere with a relative humidity of 38 % are linear and symmetrical, which indicates the electron nature of the conductivity and the ohmic contact of the electrode-fiber. The characteristic of temperature conductance changes is not of a typical shape, it is parabolic. The conductance of the developed PAN/PANI fibers at 22 °C is about 1.50•10 -4 S (6.7 kΩ) and decreases below and above this temperature. The analysis of research results and literature data enables the determination of individual factors affecting changes in conductance of the tested composite fiber.

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Section: Results Of Electrical Investigation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on Electric Conductivity of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyaniline Fibers

et al. 2021

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“…Thus with this variation, it is possible to calculate the concentration of the gases, with a short response time and, depending on the sensing material and target gas, high accuracy. These materials can also sense inorganic gases, however the sensitivity and accuracy can be compromised, as the main target gases to these compounds are the VOCs [26,28,129,130].…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-conducting polymers can be used with other sensing techniques to improve sensibility, accuracy and response time. Research has demonstrated the use of these compounds with capacitive, mass sensitive, calorimetric and wave-dependent sensors [28,130,131].…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Gomes

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

JSAN

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Ambient gas detection and measurement had become essential in diverse fields and applications, from preventing accidents, avoiding equipment malfunction, to air pollution warnings and granting the correct gas mixture to patients in hospitals. Gas leakage can reach large proportions, affecting entire neighborhoods or even cities, causing enormous environmental impacts. This paper elaborates on a deep review of the state of the art on gas-sensing technologies, analyzing the opportunities and main characteristics of the transducers, as well as towards their integration through the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This should ease the information collecting and sharing processes, granting better experiences to users, and avoiding major losses and expenses. The most promising wireless-based solutions for ambient gas monitoring are analyzed and discussed, open research topics are identified, and lessons learned are shared to conclude the study.Technologies to sense gases and wireless communications support are elaborated in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. The most promising solutions in terms of sensing methods and IoT-enabled solutions are discussed in Section 7 and open research topics are identified. Lessons learned are shared at Section 8 and, finally, Section 9 concludes the study. Background on Environmental GasesSome gases are the key to ensure the functionality of systems and entire industries, as well as the presence of other gases being a problem in other fields, causing the loss of entire production lines, as in the food industry, or even cause the loss of lives and explosions. In this section, the most important gases in terms of pollution monitoring and control, health issues, and accident prevention are listed with their main characteristics.Oxygen (O 2 ) is the most important gas for life, and is crucial in numerous fields. Patients under anesthesia, or recovering from surgery and from certain diseases need controlled O 2 doses to keep them alive and fully recovered. The decrease of oxygen levels in enclosed spaces can be related with other gases leakage, which would lead people inside these spaces to asphyxiate, leading to an unconscious state, or even to death [29]. Numerous industrial processes rely on the correct concentration of this gas to achieve the best results, mainly chemical and combustion, which without the correct percentages will not grant the best performance of systems. Engine control systems depend on the correct mixture to achieve the expected performances, whether it is lower fuel consumption or power and speed [29][30][31][32].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a colorless, odorless gas, generated by the oxidation and combustion of hydrocarbon, as well as by living beings in the respiration process. It is a key gas for the greenhouse effect, and the increase of its levels, in the presence of other gases, is related with atmospheric pollution. It is also the key gas on the oxygen production by the photosynthesis process. The accumulation of this gas in enclosed spaces can be responsible to s...

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“…In the past decades, conducting polymers (CPs) have been extensively investigated in gas sensors as the room temperature sensing materials [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] due to its special sensing mechanism [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Among the various conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) is considered very important, due to its large-scale synthesis compatibility, low cost, good environmental stability, and tunable electrical properties [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanotubes Using Self-Assembly Method Based on the Hydrogen Bonding: Mechanism and Application in Gas Sensing

et al. 2017

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Based on hydrogen bonding, the highly uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were synthesized by self-assembly method using citric acid (CA) as the dopant and the structure-directing agent by optimizing the molar ratio of CA to aniline monomer (Ani). Synthesis conditions like reaction temperature and mechanical stirring were considered to explore the effects of hydrogen bonding on the morphologies. The effects of CA on the final morphology of the products were also investigated. The as-synthesized CA doped polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterials were further deposited on the plate electrodes for the test of gas sensing performance to ammonia (NH 3 ). The sensitivity to various concentrations of NH 3 , the repeatability, and the stability of the sensors were also tested and analyzed. As a result, it was found that the PANI nanomaterial synthesized at the CA/Ani molar ratio of 0.5 has highly uniform tubular morphology and shows the best sensing performance to NH 3 . It makes the PANI nanotubes a promising material for high performance gas sensing to NH 3 .

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A unified bottom up multiscale strategy to model gas sensors based on conductive polymers

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

The Effect of Temperature on Electric Conductivity of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyaniline Fibers

The Effect of Temperature on Electric Conductivity of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyaniline Fibers

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanotubes Using Self-Assembly Method Based on the Hydrogen Bonding: Mechanism and Application in Gas Sensing

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