A Type VI Secretion-Related Pathway in Bacteroidetes Mediates Interbacterial Antagonism

Russell, Alan D.; Wexler, Aaron G.; Harding, Brittany N.; Whitney, John C.; Bohn, Alan; Goo, Young Ah; Tran, Bao; Barry, Natasha A.; Zheng, Hongjin; Peterson, S. Brook; Chou, Seemay; Gonen, Tamir; Goodlett, David R.; Goodman, Andrew L.; Mougous, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.007

Cited by 295 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The human gut symbiont B. fragilis N (13) effectively kills the T6SS -human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in a T6S-dependent manner in vitro (11). Whether B. fragilis N also targets B. thetaiotaomicron in the gut is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). Because numerous human gut Bacteroidetes besides B. fragilis carry T6SS loci (11,12,15), additional effectors will be readily identifiable in other species. These effectors reveal strategies human gut symbionts themselves have evolved to target other members of this community, and may provide important new approaches for precision microbiome manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut environment is characterized by constant peristalsis and extensive niche heterogeneity, and factors previously implicated in shaping these communities (metabolites, vitamins, dietary polysaccharides, host IgA, bacteriocins) are freely diffusible (6)(7)(8). In this context, the recent identification of genes encoding type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) in the genomes of many prominent human gut symbionts was unexpected because the ability of these dynamic machines to inject toxic effectors into adjacent cells is strictly dependent on direct cell-to-cell contact (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. fragilis N tdk and B. fragilis N tdk tssC were subcultured from exponential cultures, grown to mid-log phase in minimal medium (22), and pelleted. Proteins in the supernatant were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, trypsinized, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS as described previously (11). Additional methodological and analytical details can be found in SI Materials and Methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human symbionts inject and neutralize antibacterial toxins to persist in the gut

Wexler

Bao

Whitney

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

203

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The human gut microbiome is a dynamic and densely populated microbial community that can provide important benefits to its host. Cooperation and competition for nutrients among its constituents only partially explain community composition and interpersonal variation. Notably, certain human-associated Bacteroidetes—one of two major phyla in the gut—also encode machinery for contact-dependent interbacterial antagonism, but its impact within gut microbial communities remains unknown. Here we report that prominent human gut symbionts persist in the gut through continuous attack on their immediate neighbors. Our analysis of just one of the hundreds of species in these communities reveals 12 candidate antibacterial effector loci that can exist in 32 combinations. Through the use of secretome studies, in vitro bacterial interaction assays and multiple mouse models, we uncover strain-specific effector/immunity repertoires that can predict interbacterial interactions in vitro and in vivo, and find that some of these strains avoid contact-dependent killing by accumulating immunity genes to effectors that they do not encode. Effector transmission rates in live animals can exceed 1 billion events per minute per gram of colonic contents, and multiphylum communities of human gut commensals can partially protect sensitive strains from these attacks. Together, these results suggest that gut microbes can determine their interactions through direct contact. An understanding of the strategies human gut symbionts have evolved to target other members of this community may provide new approaches for microbiome manipulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human symbionts inject and neutralize antibacterial toxins to persist in the gut

Wexler

Bao

Whitney

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

203

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“…In collaboration with Andrew Goodman's group, she specifically showed that Bacteroidetes are equipped with a surprisingly high diversity of anti-bacterial toxins that are involved in maintaining the symbiotic relationship with the mammalian gut. 23 …”

Section: Session 1: Inter-bacterial Communication Exchange and Compementioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting report: Adaptation and communication of bacterial pathogens

2016

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Bacteria usually live in complex environments, sharing niche and resources with other bacterial species, unicellular eukaryotic cells or complex organisms. Thus, they have evolved mechanisms to communicate, to compete and to adapt to changing environment as diverse as human tissues, animals or plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptation processes is therefore of primary importance for epidemiology and human health protection, and was the focus of a Current Trends in Biomedicine workshop organized by the International University of Andalucia in late October 2015 in Baeza (Spain). The topic was covered by complementary sessions: (i) interbacterial communication and competition that enable a better access to nutrients or a more efficient colonization of the ecological niche, (ii) adaptation of intracellular pathogens to their host, focusing on metabolic pathways, adaptive mechanisms and populational heterogeneity, and (iii) adaptation of animal and plant pathogens as well as plant-associated bacteria to a plant niche. This workshop emphasized the broad repertoire of mechanisms and factors bacteria have evolved to become efficient pathogens.

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Response of rice growth to soil microorganisms and soil properties in different soil types

Yan

Tang

et al. 2023

Agronomy Journal

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In order to understand the relationship between rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and the microbial communities and soil properties of different soil types, and to clarify the advantages of rice production characteristics of different soil types, we investigated the soil bacterial communities and soil properties of five representative rice soils (granitic sandy soil, purple clayey soil, red yellow clayey soil, yellow clayey soil, and alluvial sandy soil) and determined their effects on rice yield. The granitic sandy soil showed the greatest potential for increasing rice yield, with a yield of 39.2 g per plant, which was 24.56% higher than the lowest yielding soil type, these differences were related to differences in the soil microbial community and soil properties.There were significant differences in the microbial communities and chemical properties among the soil types, of which the granitic sandy soil type had the highest total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available kalium, and soil organic carbon contents, which were 2.60 g kg −1 , 196.07 mg kg −1 , 230.65 mg kg −1 , and 24.67 g kg −1 , respectively. Moreover, there was a significant correlation among specific bacterial taxa, soil properties, and rice yield, with Bacteroidetes showing a significant positive correlation with rice yield. The results also showed that pH, alkaline soluble nitrogen, and fast-acting potassium were the key soil properties affecting soil communities and rice yield. Both soil properties and soil microbial community influenced rice yield.

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A Type VI Secretion-Related Pathway in Bacteroidetes Mediates Interbacterial Antagonism

Cited by 295 publications

References 67 publications

Human symbionts inject and neutralize antibacterial toxins to persist in the gut

Human symbionts inject and neutralize antibacterial toxins to persist in the gut

Meeting report: Adaptation and communication of bacterial pathogens

Response of rice growth to soil microorganisms and soil properties in different soil types

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