A Type of Annulus-Based Energy Balanced Data Collection Method in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

Abstract

With the increasing number of ubiquitous terminals and the continuous expansion of network scale, the problem of unbalanced energy consumption in sensor networks has become increasingly prominent in recent years. However, a node scheduling strategy or an energy consumption optimization algorithm may be not enough to meet the requirements of large-scale application. To address this problem a type of Annulus-based Energy Balanced Data Collection (AEBDC) method is proposed in this paper. The circular network is divided into several annular sectors of different sizes. Nodes in the same annulus-sector form a cluster. Based on this model, a multi-hop data forwarding strategy with the help of the candidate cluster headers is proposed to balance energy consumption during transmission and to avoid buffer overflow. Meanwhile, in each annulus, there is a Wireless Charging Vehicle (WCV) that is responsible for periodically recharging the cluster headers as well as the candidate cluster headers. By minimizing the recharging cost, the energy efficiency is enhanced. Simulation results show that AEBDC can not only alleviate the “energy hole problem” in sensor networks, but also effectively prolong the network lifetime.

An Improved Genetic Algorithm Based Annulus-sector Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Moreover, the value of R is not given clearly in this paper, which is likely to increase the energy consumption of each cluster. To solve this problem, AEBDC is proposed in [10] to improve the performance of TSTCS. At first, AEBDC divides the network into several annular sectors of different size, nodes in the same annulus-sector form a cluster.…”

“…In GACRP, the network is regarded as a circular region with radius R similar to [10,13], and divided into n annulus with the same width, nodes are spatially scattered across the sensing field, the BS is located in the center of the region. Moreover, the network is assumed to have the following attributes:…”

“…The same first order radio energy model as in [4,10,13,24] is used in this paper. The energy consumption for − bits data transmission between two adjacent nodes with distance can be calculated as follows:…”

“…Clustering routing approaches dividing the sensing area into annular sectors have been presented to solve the problem mentioned above [10,11]. Usually, the size of each annulus-sector is the same and the nodes in each annulus-sector form a cluster so as to balance the energy consumption because they consume roughly the same amount of energy for their almost same distance to the BS.…”

“…Usually, the size of each annulus-sector is the same and the nodes in each annulus-sector form a cluster so as to balance the energy consumption because they consume roughly the same amount of energy for their almost same distance to the BS. And the best node in each annulus-sector is selected as CH so as to decrease the amount of interaction based on probability [12], weight according to residual energy [13], residual energy and distance to the BS [11], residual energy and distance to the center of the cluster [10], received signal strength [14]. Moreover, a multi-hop data delivery scheme is used to make CHs located in an outer annulus forward data to one CH lying in its next annulus till to the BS in order to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the network energy consumption.…”