A Type-2 Fuzzy Controller to Enable the EFR Service from a Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

The increased use of distributed energy resources, especially electrical energy storage systems (EESS), has led to greater flexibility and complexity in power grids, which has led to new challenges in the operation of these systems, with particular emphasis on frequency regulation. To this end, the transmission system operator in Great Britain has designed a control scheme known as Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR) that is especially attractive for its implementation in EESS. This paper proposes a Type-2 fuzzy control system that enables the provision of EFR service from a battery energy storage system in order to improve the state-of-charge (SoC) management while providing EFR service from operating scenarios during working and off-duty days. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with a conventional FLC and PID controllers with similar features. The results showed that in all scenarios, but especially under large frequency deviations, the proposed controller presents a better SoC management in comparison without neglecting the EFR service provision.

Intelligent Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for Hybrid Microgrid Energy Management with Different Modes of EVs Integration

“…It introduces a Type-2 fuzzy fractional order PID power system stabilizer (PSS), enhanced by a meta-heuristic hybrid algorithm, to improve oscillation damping and, thus, dynamic stability under diverse conditions. Several studies focus on utilizing Type-2 FLC in energy management, such as for AC microgrid control [31][32][33][34][35]; battery storage integration into DC microgrids [36][37][38], among other studies.…”