A two-year study of enteric infections associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children in urban Somalia

Casalino, Mariassunta; Yusuf, Maryan W.; Nicoletti, Mauro; Bazzicalupo, Paolo; Coppo, Anna; Colonna, Bianca; Cappelli, Chiara; Bianchini, Corrado; Falbo, Vincenzo; Ahmed, Hinda; Omar, Kadigia H.; Maxamuud, Khalif B.; Maimone, Francesco

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90542-1

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The observation in this survey of a decreasing isolation rate of ETEC strains with age is also of interest; the majority of the diarrhoeal patients with ETEC were < 1 year old whereas the average age among the controls carrying ETEC strains was 30.1 months, thus confirming the experience in Mogadishu. 28 So far as we know, this report represents the first description of EHEC (0157:H7) and EAEC in patients with diarrhoea in Nigeria. Finding these two newly described diarrhoeal pathogens in our patients in a relatively higher proportion than that which has been reported in many developed c o u n t r i e~~~'~~ is of great clinical importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

A study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria

Ogunsanya

Rotimi

Adenuga

1994

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. From December 1989 to May 1990,3 15 faecal samples from children under 5 years old with diarrhoea (215) and without diarrhoea (100) seen at paediatric clinics were investigated for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens. Standard and recently described methods were used for the investigations, which revealed that 74.9 YO of children with diarrhoea were infected with enteropathogens compared with 28 YO of controls. In the diarrhoeal group, 59.1 YO had a bacterial, 26.5 O/ O a viral and 2.3 YO a parasitic aetiology. Rotavirus was the pathogen most frequently detected, accounting for 22.3 YO of positive findings in the group with diarrhoea versus 9 YO in the control group. Other important agents were : enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (14.4 versus 6 YO), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10-7 versus 5 YO), enteroadherent E.coli (EAEC) (9.3 versus 4 YO), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (5.1 versus 3 YO) and Salmonella spp. (3.3 versus 1 YO). The following enteropathogens were detected exclusively in the diarrhoeal stools : Shigella spp. (5.1 YO), Yersinia enterocolitica (0-9 YO), Aeromonas hydrophila (1.4 YO), Entamoeba histolytica (0.5 YO), Giardia lamblia (0.5 YO), Trichomonas hominis (0-5) and Trichuris trichiura (0.9 YO). The detection rates of rotavirus, EPEC and EAEC were much greater in the diarrhoeal than in the control patients. No Vibrio cholerae, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Plesiomonas spp. or Cryptosporidum spp. were detected in this study. Our data suggest that both the traditional and newly recognised diarrhoeal agents are important causes of diarrhoea in the children under 5 years old in Lagos, Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

A study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria

Ogunsanya

Rotimi

Adenuga

1994

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Some S. sonnei used in this study were isolated during a 2-year epidemiological survey of diarrheal diseases in children from Somalia, while others were obtained from the Reference Center of the Pasteur Institut (Casalino et al, 1988;Coimbra et al, 2001). All the strains have a very wide antibiotic resistance pattern and contain several plasmids besides the large pINV (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution of the lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype in

Casalino

Latella

Prosseda

et al. 2005

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Some EIEC and S. flexneri strains used in this study were isolated previously during a 2-year epidemiological survey of diarrheal diseases in children from Somalia (5,6,24), while others were obtained from the Reference Centers of the Pasteur Institute and of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (35). The EIEC strains were isolated in different geographic areas, belong to different serotypes, and display different plasmid contents, but they are all positive in invasivity assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CadC Is the Preferential Target of a Convergent Evolution Driving Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli toward a Lysine Decarboxylase-Defective Phenotype

et al. 2003

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Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), like Shigella, is the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, a particularly severe syndrome in children in developing countries. All EIEC strains share with Shigella the inability to synthesize lysine decarboxylase (the LDC phenotype). The lack of this function is considered a pathoadaptive mutation whose emergence was necessary to obtain the full expression of invasiveness. Cadaverine, the product of lysine decarboxylation, is a small polyamine which interferes mainly with the inflammatory process induced by dysenteric bacteria. Genes coding for lysine decarboxylase and its transporter constitute a single operon (cadBA) and are expressed at low pH under the positive control of CadC. This regulator is an inner membrane protein that is able to sense pH variation and to respond by transcriptionally activating the cadBA genes. In this study we show that, unlike in Shigella, mutations affecting the cad locus in the EIEC strains we have analyzed are not followed by a novel gene arrangement and that the LCD ؊ phenotype is dependent mainly on inactivation of the cadC gene. Introduction of a functional CadC restores cadaverine expression in all EIEC strains harboring either an IS2 element or a defective cadC promoter. Comparative analysis between the cad regions of S. flexneri and EIEC suggests that the LDC ؊ phenotype has been attained by different strategies within the E. coli species.

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A two-year study of enteric infections associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children in urban Somalia

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

A study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria

A study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria

Molecular evolution of the lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype in

CadC Is the Preferential Target of a Convergent Evolution Driving Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli toward a Lysine Decarboxylase-Defective Phenotype

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