A Two wave analysis of hospitalizations and mortality from seasonal and pandemic 2009 A (H1N1) influenza in Saurashtra, India: 2009-2011

Chudasama, RK; Patel, UV; Verma, PB; Banerjee, Anupam; Buch, Pankaj M; Patel, Prakash

doi:10.4103/2141-9248.117929

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In our surveillance system in Kenya, the median duration of hospitalization was 4 days for influenza-positive patients. This length of stay is similar to results from studies in the United States, India and Thailand [3] , [27] , [28] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This case-fatality ratio for influenza-associated hospitalizations is substantial. It is higher than estimates of in-hospital case-mortality rates for children in the United States [27] and Thailand [3], although it is lower than rates recently reported for seasonal and pandemic influenza in India [28]. This may reflect a difference in underlying chronic illness or acute conditions, such as HIV or malaria, which we did not routinely test for in SARI or ILI patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Results From the First Six Years of National Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Kenya, July 2007–June 2013

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRecent studies have shown that influenza is associated with significant disease burden in many countries in the tropics, but until recently national surveillance for influenza was not conducted in most countries in Africa.MethodsIn 2007, the Kenyan Ministry of Health with technical support from the CDC-Kenya established a national sentinel surveillance system for influenza. At 11 hospitals, for every hospitalized patient with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), and for the first three outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) per day, we collected both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Beginning in 2008, we conducted in-hospital follow-up for SARI patients to determine outcome. Specimens were tested by real time RT-PCR for influenza A and B. Influenza A-positive specimens were subtyped for H1, H3, H5, and (beginning in May 2009) A(H1N1)pdm09.ResultsFrom July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2013, we collected specimens from 24,762 SARI and 14,013 ILI patients. For SARI and ILI case-patients, the median ages were 12 months and 16 months, respectively, and 44% and 47% were female. In all, 2,378 (9.6%) SARI cases and 2,041 (14.6%) ILI cases were positive for influenza viruses. Most influenza-associated SARI cases (58.6%) were in children <2 years old. Of all influenza-positive specimens, 78% were influenza A, 21% were influenza B, and 1% were influenza A/B coinfections. Influenza circulated in every month. In four of the six years influenza activity peaked during July–November. Of 9,419 SARI patients, 2.7% died; the median length of hospitalization was 4 days.ConclusionsDuring six years of surveillance in Kenya, influenza was associated with nearly 10 percent of hospitalized SARI cases and one-sixth of outpatient ILI cases. Most influenza-associated SARI and ILI cases were in children <2 years old; interventions to reduce the burden of influenza, such as vaccine, could consider young children as a priority group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Results From the First Six Years of National Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Kenya, July 2007–June 2013

et al. 2014

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“…Increased influenza activity in monsoon and post monsoon seasons also observed in other studies [12, 13, 14]. First peak started in February–March i.e, in cold & low solar radiation season with a decreasing trend in number of cases during April–June; dry and sunny season which indicated increased influenza activity in cold temperature and in low solar radiation [15, 16, 17]. Exact reason for increased influenza activity in winter is not known but when temperature drops people spend more time indoors, making it easier for the virus to spread in-house (8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Pregnancy is a well documented risk factor for severe infection and death in previous pandemics [13, 25] which was also noted in our investigation. It was noted that hypertension and diabetes were other co-morbid conditions, those were associated with 4 (4.4%) and 6 (6.6%) death cases among Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infected patients during 2009 which was also reported by previous studies identifying diabetes to be significantly associated with death and severity of disease [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. We also found presence of other syndromes like Down syndrome with immune compromised state, cerebral malaria and hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Epidemiological and clinical profile of Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in Odisha, eastern India

Dwibedi

Sabat

Dixit

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Epidemic of flu is highly contagious and it spreads through air. In 2009 H1N1 influenza virus emerged after reassortment of North American TRIG and Eurasia Avian like virus of swine and started epidemic in Mexico. The first cases were reported from Hyderabad city on 16th May 2009 in India that spread rapidly within a short span of time. During this period large population of Odisha situated at the eastern side of India was also affected and incidences of H1N1 cases were recorded through state Government surveillance system. In this study real time RT-PCR based diagnosis was conducted for the throat swabs collected from suspected H1N1 cases in Odisha during 2009–2017. A total of 2872 throat swabs were received from 23 different Government and private hospitals and 21.1% positivity was confirmed. The disease affected mostly 46–60 years age group, males (50.6%) being more affected. The clinical features had shown that fever with cough (89.6%) was the most common symptom followed by shortness of breath (72.7%). Post monsoon was the peak season in which most of the cases were reported. Neurological signs, pregnancy, diabetes and hypertension were found to be risk factors for H1N1. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 15%.

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“…Deaths were reported in 10 (14.7%) of the patients while the clinical manifestations were mainly cough in 60 (88%), respiratory problems in 31 (46%), and myalgia in 18 (27%) patients. Another study by Chudasama R, et al (17) was condcuted in 1726 patients in India. Simialr symptoms were reported amongst these patients [cough (93.9%), pyrexia (90.8%), shortness of breath (66.5%) and sore throat (59.9%)] while death was reported in 127 (24.9%) out of the total patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with influenza (H1N1) during 2018–19 at a tertiary care hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

Asim¹,

Haq²,

Nasim³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Swine-origin influenza (H1N1) virus appeared in 2009 which spread worldwide, and it still circulates in the population. This study aimed at exploring the clinical manifestations and results in admitted patients having H1N1 influenza. All patients with confirmed or suspected influenza (H1N1) who reported to NWGH & RC, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2018 till December 2019 were included in the study. Data was collected on demographics, preexisting medical conditions, duration of hospital stay, clinical laboratory data, outcome, and clinical features. Distribution of variables was assessed using histograms, comparison of continuous variables was done via independent Student's t-test and of categorical variables using Chi Square test. A p value of [?]0.05 was set as cutoff for significance. A total of 39 patients presented to the hospital during the study period. Mean age was 52 (15.8) years and the proportion of male and female participants was 43.6% and 56.4% respectively. Clinical features included fever, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, body aches and sore throat. The most commonly occurring comorbidities were hypertension [21 (53.8%)], diabetes [11 (28.2%)], and chronic kidney disease [3 (7.7%)]. Real time PCR positivity was present in 36 (92.3%) patients. Overall, 30 (76.9%) survived while 09 (23.1%) died. Comparison of the clinical parameters of survivors and non-survivors showed that non-survivors had significantly higher risk of renal failure (p=0.01), ionotropic disturbances (p=0.001), secondary infection (p=0.03), septic shock (p=0.001), and respiratory problems, requiring non-invasive ventilation and invasive mechanical ventilation (p=0.001). Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with influenza (H1N1) during 2018-19 at a tertiary care hospital,

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A Two wave analysis of hospitalizations and mortality from seasonal and pandemic 2009 A (H1N1) influenza in Saurashtra, India: 2009-2011

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Results From the First Six Years of National Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Kenya, July 2007–June 2013

Results From the First Six Years of National Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Kenya, July 2007–June 2013

Epidemiological and clinical profile of Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in Odisha, eastern India

Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with influenza (H1N1) during 2018–19 at a tertiary care hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

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