A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part Two: Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Abstract

hy2Foam is a newly-coded open-source two-temperature computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver that has previously been validated for zero-dimensional test cases. It aims at (1) giving open-source access to a state-of-the-art hypersonic CFD solver to students and researchers; and (2) providing a foundation for a future hybrid CFD-DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo) code within the OpenFOAM framework. This paper focuses on the multi-dimensional verification of hy2Foam and firstly describes the different models implemented. In conjunction with employing the coupled vibration-dissociation-vibration (CVDV) chemistry-vibration model, novel use is made of the quantum-kinetic (QK) rates in a CFD solver. hy2Foam has been shown to produce results in good agreement with previously published data for a Mach 11 nitrogen flow over a blunted cone and with the dsmcFoam code for a Mach 20 cylinder flow for a binary reacting mixture. This latter case scenario provides a useful basis for other codes to compare against.

Numerical Analysis of Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Flows in a Model Scramjet Engine

“…The governing equations are the Navier-Stokes equations for the thermochemical nonequilibrium flows in the conservation form [9,10].…”

“…Ω v represent the density, mass fraction of species, velocity, mass diffusion flux of species, rate of production of species, viscous stress tensor, conduction heat flux, enthalpy per unit mass species, internal energy, and source term which represents the coupling between the vibrational and translational-rotational energy, respectively [9,10]. The subscripts s, t, and v indicate species, translational-rotational energy mode, and vibrational energy mode, respectively [9]. To solve the above equations, mass diffusion flux, viscous stress tensor, and conduction heat flux must be modeled.…”

“…To solve the thermochemical nonequilibrium Navier-Stokes equations, a two-temperature open-source solver for hypersonic reacting flows, called hy2Foam [9], is adopted. hy2Foam is a fusion of additional physical models to incorporate thermochemical nonequilibrium with the existing solver called rhoCentralFoam, developed for compressible flows and based on the OpenFOAM framework [16].…”

“…hy2Foam is a fusion of additional physical models to incorporate thermochemical nonequilibrium with the existing solver called rhoCentralFoam, developed for compressible flows and based on the OpenFOAM framework [16]. The thermochemical nonequilibrium modelling of the solver was validated for several cases ranging from zero-dimensional chemical kinetics to multidimensional hypersonic flows [9,[17][18][19], and the Energies 2020, 13, 606 4 of 17 underlying numerics of the solver was also validated for the hypersonic cases relevant to the present study [20][21][22].…”

Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Supersonic Flows in Propulsion Systems by Open-Source Solvers

“…Unfortunately the latter OpenFOAM implementations are not yet fully open-source. The OpenFOAM-based hyFoam 1 and its variant with a two-temperature model hy2Foam [21,22], are solvers developed at the University of Strathclyde with the purpose of studying external aerodynamics in re-entry flows around vehicles characterized by high-temperatures effects.…”