A two‐step method for predicting time to flashover in room corner test fires using cone calorimeter data

Wang, Zhaozhi; Hu, Xiaoqin; Jia, Fuchen; Galea, Edwin R.

doi:10.1002/fam.2139

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In fire researches, calorimeters, which can estimate a heat release rate, smoke generation, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and so on, have been widely used for experimental study [2][3][4][5]. In the case of heat release rate, it has been regarded as one of the most important factors during experimental studied since it can be used to calculate the size of the fire and be more easily used in performance-based design (PBD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter

2019

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In this article, large-scale experimental studies were conducted to figure out the fire characteristics, such as fire-spreading, toxic gases, and heat release rates, using large-scale calorimeter for one- and two-vehicle fires. The initial ignition position was the passenger seat, and thermocouples were attached to each compartment in the vehicles to determine the temperature distribution as a function of time. For the analysis, the time was divided into sections for the various fire-spreading periods and major changes, e.g., the fire spreading from the first vehicle to the second vehicle. The maximum temperature of 1400 °C occurred in the seats because they contained combustible materials. The maximum heat release rates were 3.5 MW and 6 MW for one and two vehicles, respectively. Since the time to reach 1 MW was about 240 s (4 min) before and after, the beginning of the car fire appears to be a medium-fast growth type. It shows the effect on the human body depending on the concentration of toxic substances such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter

2019

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“…It is affected by the thermal property of interior linings, ventilation, the volume of enclosures, the height of soffit, and the chemistry of the hot gas layer. The phenomenon of flashover has been extensively studied . A great number of definitions to flashover have been developed based on experimental studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the influence of interior lining distributions on flashover in the enclosure with different ceiling structures

et al. 2018

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Summary Different distributions of interior linings in an enclosure have been studied to reveal the influence on time to flashover. Two kinds of ceiling structures, flat ceiling and flat ceiling with beams, were used for enclosure. Six full‐scale experiments were performed to investigate the occurrence of flashover in large enclosures. Heat release rate, gas temperature, and surface temperature of the enclosure were measured and analyzed. Experimental results show that time to flashover is extended for enclosure with large surface areas and large doors. Whether lining the interior linings on the ceiling or beams has a significant effect on flashover. Considering that ceiling fires have effect on the progress of the spread of flame on the wall, time to flashover is reduced for the tests that are fitted with the interior linings on the wall of the enclosure. In the enclosure with beams, the direction of spread of flame on the ceiling is changed, resulting in the change of time to flashover. Additionally, the strength of ceiling jets that is affected by the heat release rate of fire source and the area of the interior linings mounted on the fire source influenced region affects flashover. It is observed that flashover occurs when flame fronts are throughout the upper part of the back wall and the flame‐covered area on the back wall exceeds 0.2 times the area of the back wall.

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A review on prediction models for full‐scale fire behaviour of building products

Lundström

Hees

Guillaume³

2016

Fire and Materials

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This study aims to give an overview over different reaction-to-fire prediction models developed over the last decades by finding similarities and differences between models, as well as identifying their robustness in scaling. The models have been divided into four categoriesempirical, thermal, polynomial and comprehensivedepending on how pyrolysis is modelled. Empirical models extrapolate bench-scale test results to larger scales. These models are pertinent to applications that they have been validated for, but surfacic parameters used may not be scalable. In thermal models, pyrolysis is represented by heat transfer rates. The models are feasible for materials with high activation energies and where little pyrolysis occur before ignition. Polynomial models are empirical models that also take the environment into account. The validity of scaling is yet to be established. The comprehensive methodology includes chemical kinetics in the condensed phase. It has the potential to be used for any application; however, many parameters are needed. This increases the degrees of freedom versus data available for the description of the problem. Consequently, possible errors are introduced, and uncertainty is increased. A comprehensive multi-scale methodology is a way forward, where many steps of validation are possible.

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A two‐step method for predicting time to flashover in room corner test fires using cone calorimeter data

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter

Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter

Experimental study of the influence of interior lining distributions on flashover in the enclosure with different ceiling structures

A review on prediction models for full‐scale fire behaviour of building products

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