A two-phase model of resource allocation in visual working memory.

C, Ye; Hu, Zhonghua; Li, Hong; Ristaniemi, Tapani; Liu, Qiang; Liu, Taosheng

doi:10.1037/xlm0000376

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…After each representation received minimum resources (e.g., one slot) for completing the early stage, individuals could then allocate the rest of the resources to the consolidated representations to further improve memory precision. This result was also in line with the framework of the two-phase resource allocation model 13 . The two-stage process hypothesis is, therefore, an important complement to existing VWM research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The formation manner of representation could be explained based on the framework of a recent model for explaining resource allocation in VWM consolidation, called the two-phase resource allocation model 13 , 14 . The two-phase resource allocation model suggests that whether there is sufficient encoding time before the stimulus is removed or displaced affects the resource allocation in VWM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The two-stage process in visual working memory consolidation

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the formation manner for visual working memory (VWM) representations during the consolidation process: an all-or-none process hypothesis and a coarse-to-fine process hypothesis. However, neither the all-or-none process hypothesis nor the coarse-to-fine process hypothesis can stipulate clearly how VWM representations are formed during the consolidation process. In the current study, we propose a two-stage process hypothesis to reconcile these hypotheses. The two-stage process hypothesis suggests that the consolidation of coarse information is an all-or-none process in the early consolidation stage, while the consolidation of detailed information is a coarse-to-fine process in the late consolidation stage. By systematically manipulating the encoding time of memory stimuli, we asked participants to memorize one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 2) orientations in different encoding time intervals. We found that the memory rate increased linearly as the encoding time increased. More importantly, VWM precision remained constant when the encoding time was short, while the precision increased linearly as the encoding time increased when the encoding time was sufficient. These results supported the twostage process hypothesis, which reconciles previous conflicting findings in the literature. We need to rely heavily on visual information to meet the needs of serial cognitive tasks 1. The visual stimulus of the external world can be transferred to perception representations. However, perception representation is unstable and susceptible to interference from new information, so it needs to be transformed into another stable form of visual information. This new form of information is visual working memory (VWM, also known as shortterm memory) representation, and the process of forming memory representation is called VWM consolidation 2. Recent studies on the consolidation of VWM have investigated the time course of consolidation 2,3 , the bandwidth of consolidation 4-6 , and the difference in the consolidation mechanisms of various visual features 7-9. For example, by presenting post masks immediately after the disappearance of memory stimuli, researchers manipulated the encoding time of participants for memory stimuli, thereby indirectly controlling the time allowed for VWM consolidation 4-10. However, a consensus has not yet been reached on the formation manner for VWM representations during the consolidation process. Two hypotheses have been proposed: an all-or-none process hypothesis and a coarse-to-fine process hypothesis. The all-or-none hypothesis suggests that, when the perception representation is consolidated to VWM representation, the full representation will be created directly but, if the encoding time is not sufficient, the consolidation process will fail 11. Conversely, the coarse-to-fine hypothesis suggests that the formation of creating VWM representations is a process of transition from rough representations to high-precision representations 12. Previous studies ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The two-stage process in visual working memory consolidation

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The basic trial structure was a facial lateralised change detection task adapted from the study by Stout et al (2013). Because the consolidation of VWM representation is a coarse-to-fine process (Gao & Bentin, 2011;Gao, Ding, Yang, Liang, & Shui, 2013), relatively long exposure duration (500 ms) was used to ensure that participants could voluntarily allocate VWM resource to remember details (Ye et al, 2017). The trial structures are depicted in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Facial Vwm Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of visual working memory capacity on the filtering efficiency of emotional face distractors

Liu

et al. 2018

Biological Psychology

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“…(Rademaker, Tredway, & Tong, 2012;Suchow, Brady, Fougnie, & Alvarez, 2013; P. Bays, Catalao, & Husain, 2009;Pertzov et al, 2017;Gorgoraptis, Catalao, Bays, & Husain, 2011;Emrich, Lockhart, & Al-Aidroos, 2017;Weber, Peters, Hahn, Bledowski, & Fiebach, 2016;Zhang & Luck, 2009;Fougnie & Alvarez, 2011;T. F. Brady, Konkle, Gill, Oliva, & Alvarez, 2013;Zokaei, Gorgoraptis, Bahrami, Bays, & Husain, 2011;Swan et al, 2016;Zhang & Luck, 2011;Ye et al, 2017;Emrich, Riggall, LaRocque, & Postle, 2013)), and the claims of many studies are based on comparing the estimates of κ and w across conditions. were generated from a variable-precision model withJ = 1 and τ = 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

2018

Preprint

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A common method, due to Zhang and Luck (2008), for analyzing delayed-estimation data with a circular stimulus variable is to fit a mixture of a Von Mises distribution and a uniform distribution. The uniform distribution represents random guesses, presumably made when an item is not kept in memory. When I generate synthetic data from a variable-precision model with zero guessing, the method estimates the guess rate to be nonzero and often high. This is due to model mismatch: the fitted model is not matched to the data-generating (true) model. In real data, this could be a problem if one considers the variable-precision model a plausible candidate model and draws conclusions based on the estimated guess rates. I describe five solutions to this problem: analyzing the residual, ruling out the variable-precision model, robust inference, fitting a hybrid model, and using model-free statistics. I hope that these solutions can contribute to good data analysis practices in the study of working memory.

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A two-phase model of resource allocation in visual working memory.

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

The two-stage process in visual working memory consolidation

The two-stage process in visual working memory consolidation

The impact of visual working memory capacity on the filtering efficiency of emotional face distractors

Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

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