A two-level Markov model for packet loss in UDP/IP-based real-time video applications targeting residential users

Ellis, Martin; Pezaros, Dimitrios P.; Kypraios, Theodore; Perkins, Colin

doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2014.05.013

Cited by 30 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We can then check the stability condition (17) with the maximum value of q∈M h γ q ρ q instead of checking it for all possible scenarios. In the following lemma, we show that the linear programming problem (46) is feasible, that is, there always exist ρ q ∈ [0, 1], q ∈ M h , that satisfy (19), (20). Furthermore, we show that the problem is bounded (i.e., the objective function q∈M h γ q ρ q in (46) is bounded).…”

Section: A Linear Programming Problemmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The switched system (1) is stable if the value of J h = J ′ h is negative. We observe that solving the linear programming problem (51) can be computationally more advantageous in comparison to the problem (46). This is because (51) involves fewer variables.…”

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective functions of the linear programming problems (46) and (51) (19), (20) hold. Here, letρ ′ z , z ∈ Z h , denote an optimal solution to the linear programming problem (51), that is,…”

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As established in the second part of the proof of Lemma 3.4, ρ q , q ∈ M h , satisfy q∈M h γ qρq = J ′ h , and hence provide an optimal solution to the problem (46), since J h = J ′ h . Clearly, if for any z ∈ Z h the set argmax q∈M h,z γ q has more than one element, then there are multiple optimal solutions to the problem (46).…”

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Stochastic Switched Systems With Application to Networked Control Under Jamming Attacks

Cetinkaya

Ishii

Hayakawa

2019

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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We investigate the stability problem for discretetime stochastic switched linear systems under the specific scenarios where information about the switching patterns and the probability of switches are not available. Our analysis focuses on the average number of times each mode becomes active in the long run and, in particular, utilizes their lower-and upperbounds. This setup is motivated by cyber security issues for networked control systems in the presence of packet losses due to malicious jamming attacks where the attacker's strategy is not known a priori. We derive a sufficient condition for almost sure asymptotic stability of the switched systems which can be examined by solving a linear programming problem. Our approach exploits the dynamics of an equivalent system that describes the evolution of the switched system's state at every few steps; the stability analysis may become less conservative by increasing the step size. The computational efficiency is further enhanced by exploiting the structure in the stability analysis problem, and we introduce an alternative linear programming problem that has fewer variables. We demonstrate the efficacy of our results by analyzing networked control problems where communication channels face random packet losses as well as jamming attacks.Index Terms-Stochastic switched systems, stability analysis, linear programming, networked control systems, jamming, packet losses. evolutions can be demonstrated, depending on the nature of the switching as well as the dynamics of the subsystems. For this reason, analyses of switched systems concerning their stability and performance have posed various challenges and led researchers to interesting results [1], [2].Recently, the importance of this class of hybrid systems is rising from the application side. In particular, in largescale networked control systems, switchings in the system dynamics frequently take place whenever the status in the communication networks changes. In such systems, network channels connect the plant having many sensors and actuators with remote controllers. Thus, transmission times and patterns A. Cetinkaya and H. Ishii are with the

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Section: A Linear Programming Problemmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lemma 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Stochastic Switched Systems With Application to Networked Control Under Jamming Attacks

Cetinkaya

Ishii

Hayakawa

2019

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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“…Within the traces, a range of different characteristics on packet losses was shown. For example, the packet loss behavior changed according to the time of day, and there were no packet losses at all for many of the traces [29], [30].…”

Section: B Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Speech Streaming Based on Packet Loss Prediction Using Support Vector Machine for Software-Based Multipoint Control Unit over IP Networks

et al. 2016

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An adaptive speech streaming method to improve the perceived speech quality of a software‐based multipoint control unit (SW‐based MCU) over IP networks is proposed. First, the proposed method predicts whether the speech packet to be transmitted is lost. To this end, the proposed method learns the pattern of packet losses in the IP network, and then predicts the loss of the packet to be transmitted over that IP network. The proposed method classifies the speech signal into different classes of silence, unvoiced, speech onset, or voiced frame. Based on the results of packet loss prediction and speech classification, the proposed method determines the proper amount and bitrate of redundant speech data (RSD) that are sent with primary speech data (PSD) in order to assist the speech decoder to restore the speech signals of lost packets. Specifically, when a packet is predicted to be lost, the amount and bitrate of the RSD must be increased through a reduction in the bitrate of the PSD. The effectiveness of the proposed method for learning the packet loss pattern and assigning a different speech coding rate is then demonstrated using a support vector machine and adaptive multirate‐narrowband, respectively. The results show that as compared with conventional methods that restore lost speech signals, the proposed method remarkably improves the perceived speech quality of an SW‐based MCU under various packet loss conditions in an IP network.

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Reliable Communications within Cyber-Physical Systems Using the Internet (RC4CPS)

Elattar

2020

Technologien Für Die Intelligente Automation

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An important requirement to realize cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical infrastructures such as power grids is communication reliability where such reliability is usually measured in terms of communication service unavailability. With this regard, applications proposed for smart grids have reliability requirements of 99-99.9999%. To achieve this, most power utilities rely on dedicated networks and/or leased lines. The alternative for such solutions is the Internet which represents a global, cost-effective network for CPSs that span large geographical areas. Unfortunately, the reliability of today's Internet is inadequate and varies over time. A widely adopted approach in other domains to enhance reliability utilizes mainly redundancy in terms of communication paths and transmitted data. However, this requires knowledge about the topology to ensure disjointness of used paths, which is difficult in case of the Internet. Even with such knowledge, most of the available multipath (MP) communication protocols are throughput-oriented or proposed for dedicated networks and, therefore, cannot be utilized directly. Nevertheless, MP communication is still expected to improve the communication reliability of the Internet. In this dissertation, data duplication and dynamic MP selection during runtime when using multiple end-to-end (e2e) paths are proposed to improve the communication reliability for Internet-based CPSs. With this regard, the problem of paths selection is formulated as an optimization problem to select the minimum number of e2e paths and limit the redundant data by the needed reliability. The multiple e2e paths are realized using different access internet service providers and MP communication protocols. In addition, real world measurements to investigate the reliability gains of MP communication in the Internet were conducted. The obtained results proved the existence of e2e paths that traverse completely different networks and, consequently, are likely to be disjoint. They also showed that the concurrent unavailability of different subsets of paths with two and three paths was 0%. Those results motivated proposing the Reliable Multipath Communication for Internet-based CPSs (RC4CPS) approach. It is an e2e approach that utilizes the inherent redundancy of the Internet and the concept of MP communication protocols to improve reliability. It also provides online monitoring and dynamic MP selection that considers the diversity and unavailability probability of e2e paths to maximize the reliability gains. RC4CPS was first implemented in MATLAB for initial evaluations and, then, using the iPRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol for IP Networks) MP transport protocol. The resulting protocol, called iPRP-RC4CPS, incorporates the RC4CPS features and extends the original iPRP implementation, proposed for dedicated WAN networks, to support the Internet. The evaluation results carried out using both implementations of RC4CPS in the Internet indicated the ability of iPRP-RC4CPS to achieve 0% unavailability while selecti...

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A two-level Markov model for packet loss in UDP/IP-based real-time video applications targeting residential users

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of Stochastic Switched Systems With Application to Networked Control Under Jamming Attacks

Analysis of Stochastic Switched Systems With Application to Networked Control Under Jamming Attacks

Adaptive Speech Streaming Based on Packet Loss Prediction Using Support Vector Machine for Software-Based Multipoint Control Unit over IP Networks

Reliable Communications within Cyber-Physical Systems Using the Internet (RC4CPS)

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