A two layer electrode structure for improved Li Ion diffusion and volumetric capacity in Li Ion batteries

Abstract

Highlights• A two layer negative electrode with a different nanomaterial morphology in each layer was first fabricated by a scalable suspension atomization and spray deposition processing technique for Li ion batteries.• The two layer electrode was designed to contain TiO 2 nanoparticles in one layer and porous TiO 2 particles in the other layer to improve Li ion diffusion dynamics through the electrode thickness.• The two layer electrode showed a combination of high volumetric capacity and rate capability that was superior to conventional, randomly blended electrodes comprising the same nanomaterials at the same charge/discharge rates.• The two layer electrode demonstrated a scalable approach to structuring electrodes that can improve energy storage performance and increase active nanomaterial utilization.

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The multilayer architectures can be created by separate coatings or simultaneous coatings that allow various electrode components or formulations in each layer for a specific purpose. 78 For example, the bottom layer could have higher binder content to account for binder migration during electrode drying and maintain good adhesion between the electrode and the current collector. Tortuosity can also be minimized by using spherical particles and obtaining a homogenous electrode structure, 79 which could be realized with monodisperse particles.…”

Carbon‐Encapsulated SnO2 Core–Shell Nanowires Directly Grown on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes

“…In line with such trends, various types of rechargeable Li‐based batteries have been dominating the renewable energy markets because of their advantages of high energy density, high cell voltage, low self‐discharge, and no memory effect . Most importantly, the characteristics of these electrochemical batteries are strongly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the electrode materials, and thus intensive effort has been focused on investigating and developing high level electrode materials that are able to upgrade the electrochemical capability of the rechargeable batteries even further …”

“…[1][2][3][4] Most importantly,t he characteristics of these electrochemical batteries are strongly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the electrode materials,a nd thus intensive effort has been focused on investigating and developing high level electrode materials that are able to upgrade the electrochemical capability of the rechargeable batteries even further. [5][6][7] Recently,S i, Ge,a nd other metal oxide compounds have attracted scientific attentiona sp romising alternativest or eplace the conventional graphite-based anode materials and are expected to open up an ew way toward the high energy/ power density battery systems. [8][9][10][11] However, in spite of the superiortheoretical charge/discharge capacity of such materials when compared to graphitic ones,t heir large volume expansion during repetitive lithiation/delithiation processes unfortunately results in poor cycling performance,a nd they also suffer from intrinsically low electrical conductivity, which obstructs the practical implementation of these electrode materials.O ver the past few years,anumber of studies have focused on carbon-based additives (e.g.,c arbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes,a nd graphene nanosheets) in order to resolve the intrinsic issues of the electrodem aterials because the carbon additive materials can offer conductive pathways and flexible buffer matrices,t hereby improving the charge/discharge cycling behaviorso ft he electrodem aterials.…”

Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage

“…Layered electrodes have been developed in other chemistries [105]- [107], but not seen in academic literature other than a patent by Encell Technology Inc. [96].…”

“…Printing offers numerous advantages in scalability, labor requirement and greater productivity rates. Novel layering of electrode materials is also possible [105], [107].…”