A two-codebook combination and three-phase block matching based image-hiding scheme with high embedding capacity

Hsieh, Yi-Pei; Chang, Chin‐Chen; Liu, Li‐Jen

doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2008.03.021

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The Vector Quantization (VQ) technique [22] was first developed for image processing to compress the images [13,14]. Codebook is a 2D array which is initialized randomly by the vectors of some of the training images.…”

Section: Vector Quantizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments with Face Recognition Using a Novel Approach Based on CVQ Technique

Mehrbakhsh

Khalilian

2012

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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Face recognition techniques attempt to identify faces according to the patterns of mouth, lip, eyes and so on. However, the effectiveness of existing approaches degrades in presence of uncontrolled conditions such as variations of background light and image sizes. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel approach based on Classified Vector Quantization (CVQ) technique. The new approach divides images into some blocks and each block is classified into several patterns. Then, the Vector Quantization (VQ) technique is applied on the vectors of each pattern. In order to evaluate our approach, we have conducted a family of experiments on some standard image databases, MIT, YALE, and AR. The results demonstrate that the new approach is steadily capable of identifying faces in different situations.

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Section: Vector Quantizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These patterns are the major and common curves on the faces of different people. At second step, it uses Vector Quantization (VQ) [11,13,14,15,16,19] on the classified vectors of each pattern. The selection of the predefined patters significantly affects the performance of this approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments with Face Recognition Using a Novel Approach Based on CVQ Technique

Mehrbakhsh

Khalilian

2012

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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“…Since d' i~1 91{210 j j19 is located in the middle level, the readjustment procedure is then executed. According to the requirement that d' i and d i need to be in the same level and equation (5), p' i~1 91 and p' iz1~2 10{8~202 can be obtained after readjusting. It can be seen that d' i~1 91{202 j j11 is situated at the lower level, which is the same as d i .…”

Section: The Embedding and Extracting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substitution-based schemes directly replace the k least significant bits of the cover image with the secrets to complete the embedding action; 4,8-10 modulus-based schemes use the modulus operations to hide k bit secrets in the LSB planes of each pixel. 5,[11][12][13] Both concepts are relatively simple. Unfortunately, these LSB-based methods may show perceptible distortions to the smooth areas of the stego-image, due to the fact that all pixels hide the same amount of secrets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chaotic mapbased adaptive variable-size LSB method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function

Chang

Hsieh

2010

The Imaging Science Journal

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In this paper, we present a least significant bit (LSB) hiding scheme that can embed variable-size secrets in LSB planes using the block-based chaotic map, adaptive difference range division, pixel-value differencing and modulus function. In particular, the block-based chaotic map in our framework is used to rearrange the locations of image blocks such that the transformed image can have more complex content than the original image; more precisely, the transformed image's inter-blocks have the low correlations while its intra-blocks have the high correlations. In addition, the adaptive division for difference range and pixel-value differencing are applied to separate smooth areas from edge areas for hiding different amounts of secrets in the pixels with the modulus function. The result of the proposed scheme is that the pixels located in the inter-blocks hide more secrets to enlarge the embedding capacity, and those located in the intra-blocks have fewer embedded secrets to maintain good visual quality. The effectiveness of our scheme is provided in experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is superior to the previous methods in providing a better embedding capacity with a good visual quality of the stego-image.

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“…Even though only the intended receiver who has the secret key can decrypt the sensitive information, the meaningless form of the encrypted codes may easily attract the suspicion and incur attacks on it. To overcome the drawback of the Cryptographic methods, another technology named steganography [13,7,6] has been proposed to distract opponents' attention. The steganography schemes are aimed at embedding secret information as much as possible, while retaining the high quality of the cover image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple image encoding method with data lossless information hiding

Wang

Chang

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uniquitous Information Management and Communication

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In this paper, we propose a simple reversible data hiding method in the spatial domain for block truncation coding (BTC) compressed grayscale images. The BTC method compresses a block of a grayscale image to a bitmap and a pair of quantization numbers. The proposed method first embeds secret bits into a block by changing the order of those two quantization numbers. The compression rate is not enlarged by this embedding scheme. To further improve the hiding capacity, the proposed method embeds the secret bits into the bitmap of the block by exploiting the correlation characteristic of neighboring blocks' bitmap in natural images. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves very good hiding capacity at low compression rate.

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A two-codebook combination and three-phase block matching based image-hiding scheme with high embedding capacity

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Experiments with Face Recognition Using a Novel Approach Based on CVQ Technique

Experiments with Face Recognition Using a Novel Approach Based on CVQ Technique

A chaotic mapbased adaptive variable-size LSB method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function

A simple image encoding method with data lossless information hiding

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