A Two-Charge Engine Concept: Hydrogen Enrichment

Houseman, John; Hoehn, F. W.

doi:10.4271/741169

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The factors discussed above were responsible for the reduced exhaust HC concentration with the increasing hydrogen fraction. The absence of carbon in hydrogen fuel also reduces HC emissions to a greater extent [25,26]. Similar results can be found in previous studies [27].…”

Section: Hydrocarbonsupporting

confidence: 90%

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

2015

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Hydrogen (H 2 ) is being considered as a primary automotive fuel and as a replacement for conventional fuels. Some of the desirable properties, like high flame velocity, high calorific value motivate us to use hydrogen fuel as a dual fuel mode in diesel engine. In this experiment, hydrogen was inducted in the inlet manifold with intake air. The experiments were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection (DI), diesel engine at a speed of 1500 r/min. Hydrogen was stored in a high pressure cylinder and supplied to the inlet manifold through a water-and-air-based flame arrestor. A pressure regulator was used to reduce the cylinder pressure from 140 bar to 2 bar. The hydrogen was inducted with a volume flow rate of 4l pm, 6l pm and 8l pm, respectively by a digital volume flow meter. The engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were analyzed at various flow rates of hydrogen and compared with diesel fuel operation. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was increased and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased for the hydrogen flow rate of 8l pm as compared to the diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were decreased and the oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure was increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen.

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Section: Hydrocarbonsupporting

confidence: 90%

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

2015

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“…The concept of using hydrogen as an additive to improve the combustion in internal combustion engines was first suggested for conventional gasoline fuelling [8,9]. Several more recent studies have investigated the effects of blending natural gas and hydrogen for use in homogeneous-charge, spark ignition engines [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Hydrogen-blended Natural Gas In Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion in a heavy-duty direct-injection engine using hydrogen—methane blend fuels

McTaggart-Cowan

Rogak

Munshi³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Engine Research

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Adding hydrogen to the fuel in a direct injection natural gas engine offers the potential significantly to reduce local and global air pollutant emissions. This work reports on the effects of fuelling a heavy-duty engine with late-cycle direct injection of blended hydrogenmethane fuels and diesel pilot ignition over a range of engine operating conditions. The effect of hydrogen on the combustion event varies with operating condition, providing insight into the fundamental factors limiting the combustion process. Combustion stability is enhanced at all conditions studied; this leads directly to a significant reduction in emissions of combustion byproducts, including carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and unburned fuel. Carbon dioxide emissions are also significantly reduced by the lower carbon-energy ratio of the fuel. The results suggest that this technique can significantly reduce both local and global pollutant emissions associated with heavy-duty transport applications while requiring minimal changes to the fuelling system.

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“…Those properties contribute to extend the dilution limits and to improve the combustion stability. The use of hydrogen as a combustion "booster" has already been reported in the literature for both compression ignition and Spark-Ignition (SI) engines [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Usually, a few percent of hydrogen in volume is added to the intake air to improve the combustion characteristics in terms of combustion timing and speed, combustion stability, and pollutant emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a Combustion Enhancer for Highly Efficient Ultra-Lean Spark-Ignition Engines

Zaccardi¹,

Pilla²

2019

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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Performance of lean burn gasoline spark-ignition engines can be enhanced through hydrogen supplementation. Thanks to its physicochemical properties, hydrogen supports the flame propagation and extends the dilution limits with improved combustion stability. These interesting features usually result in decreased emissions and improved efficiencies which is of the utmost importance for future SI engines targeting ultra-lean conditions at λ ≥ 2 and brake thermal efficiencies above 50%. Compared to previous studies of hydrogen supplementation, this article aims at demonstrating how hydrogen can support the combustion process with a modern combustion system optimized for extreme dilution rates and high efficiency. Experimental investigations performed with a single cylinder engine are reported and show that the minimal amount of hydrogen required to reach λ = 2 is in the range of 2 to 4% of the total intake volume flow rate. At low load, NOx emissions can be lowered down to 33 ppm at λ = 2 and results also show that a 10-fold decrease in NOx emissions is possible when the dilution rate increases from the lean limit without hydrogen up to λ = 2. In those ultra-lean conditions, particle emissions are also significantly lowered. Unburned energy is around 5% in low load conditions at λ = 2 but the engine-out unburned hydrocarbon concentration is maintained at an acceptable level. At high load, combustion timings can be improved thanks to the increase in the maximal dilution rate and to the better auto-ignition resistance of hydrogen. Consequently, the indicated efficiency is increased by more than 6% abs. compared to the reference stoichiometric conditions. Finally, a maximal indicated efficiency of 47.0% is obtained at λ = 2 with 3% of hydrogen at 3000 rpm-13 bar IMEP. For this operating point, similar performance are obtained with a dual air/EGR dilution.

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A Two-Charge Engine Concept: Hydrogen Enrichment

Cited by 45 publications

References 3 publications

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

Combustion in a heavy-duty direct-injection engine using hydrogen—methane blend fuels

Hydrogen as a Combustion Enhancer for Highly Efficient Ultra-Lean Spark-Ignition Engines

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