A Twelve-Beam Steering Low-Profile Patch Antenna With Shorting Vias for Vehicular Applications

Design of a 16‐beam pattern‐reconfigurable antenna for vehicular environment

“…It is found that the highest efficiency of an antenna is 83%, and 81% for the range of 2.4‐2.66 and 3.31‐3.57 GHz, respectively. Larger bandwidth coverage of 270 and 360 MHz at 2.4‐ and 3.5‐GHz band, respectively, when compared to a narrow operating bandwidth of fewer than 200 MHz was reported in References , , , and The efficiency reported in this research work is 83% which is higher than the efficiency reported in References , , , , and . A total of 16 different beams are produced by the proposed antenna with reduced complexity; however, the research work reported in References and gives a maximum of eight beams with increased numbers of active elements and patches. The maximum gain achieved by this antenna is 10.7 and 9.8 dBi at 2.4‐ and 3.5‐GHz band, respectively; however, the maximum gain reported in References , , , , and are less than 9 dBi. The design of antennas integrating multiple features, such as high gain, multiband, wide bandwidth, directive radiation, multiple radiation patterns for omnicoverage, low cost, and less complex structure, is of increasing demand for vehicular communication. This antenna satisfies all these requirements by using low‐cost FR4 dielectric material as substrate for reducing manufacturing cost, the multiple radiation patterns are realized from simple multiport excitation technique, high gain is attained by etching dual SR slots at the ground plane with the addition of reflector and hence this antenna is useful for high throughput satellite as well as base station‐enabled data services. …”

“…Table shows the comparison between the proposed work with similar works reported in References and . It indicates that this work has an advantage of wider bandwidth across dual‐band pattern reconfiguration with high gain and low profile size.…”

A Four-Arm Circularly Polarized High-Gain High-Tilt Beam Curl Antenna for Beam Steering Applications

“…As a result, the beam in the elevation plane is tilted from the z-axis toward point B. In addition to the four steerable tilted beams, the four-arm curl antenna can also provide a CP axial beam and a CP semi-doughnut beam by using multi-port feeding technology [10]. Table I provides a comparison of the four-arm curl antenna with previously published research works [10], [23], [28].…”

“…The size and weight of these antennas prohibit their use in low cost modern portable transceivers. Manuscript [7]- [9], microstrip patch antennas with a row of shorting vias [10] and pin diodes [11] [12]. However, these antennas provide linearly polarized radiation beams and are not suitable for the satellite, radar and other modern wireless communication applications which require or prefer a circularly polarized (CP) radiation beam.…”

A beam‐switchable low‐profile antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide

“…Compare with Ref. , the proposed antenna in this article not only generate enough beams to cover the space above it, but also the size of the ground plane cannot affect its reconfigurability. Being low profile, the proposed antenna can easily be placed on the roofs of vehicles.…”