“…Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 9,10 is a plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique based on high power pulses, which utilizes an intense pulsed laser focused on the surface of a target sample to generate a plasma, enabling quantitative and qualitative analyses of the sample's composition. As a common means of chemical analysis, LIBS not only has the advantages of rapid, multi-element detection, it also allows non-contact detection, which opens up new possibilities for high-precision and rapid detection, and has been widely used in many elds, such as food safety, 11,12 substance detection, 13 geological exploration, 14 and Mars exploration. 15 LIBS technology has developed rapidly and in a wide range of areas in the last few years, but there are still shortcomings present.…”