A Tutorial on the Basics of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Systems and Circuits: Historic overview and basic concepts of time-modulation

Ptitcyn, Grigorii; Mirmoosa, M. S.; Sotoodehfar, Amirhosein; Tretyakov, Sergei

doi:10.1109/map.2023.3261601

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The relation between the electric current i(t) and the voltage v(t) corresponding to the LTI network is given by (e.g., Refs. [23,41])…”

Section: Emulation Of Arbitrary Dispersive Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth mentioning that one may modify this equation for the electric current taking into account arbitrary dispersion of time-varying capacitors [23]. However, here, for simplicity let us continue with the instantaneous response assumption.…”

Section: Emulation Of Arbitrary Dispersive Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, one can design efficient systems that realize unconventional functionalities [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition to that, many conventional limitations imposed on static systems can be overcome using time modulations [8], for instance, enhancing radiation from electrically small antennas beyond the Chu limit [9][10][11], breaking timereversal symmetry and achieving magnetless nonreciprocity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], accumulation of energy with reactive elements [20], versatile absorption control [21], and more [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Modulated Circuits and Metasurfaces for Emulating Arbitrary Transfer Functions

et al. 2023

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Temporal modulation unlocks possibilities to dynamically control and modify the response of electromagnetic systems. Employing explicit dependencies of circuit or surface parameters on time enables the engineering of systems with conventionally unachievable functionalities. Here, we propose an alternative approach that enables the emulation of electromagnetic systems that can have arbitrary frequency dispersion and nonlinear properties, including the non-Foster response. In particular, we show that a proper modulation of a time-varying capacitor allows one to mimic a static inductance, capacitance, or resistance having arbitrary values, both positive and negative. We discuss necessary modifications of determined ideal modulation functions that ensure the stability of the system. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, we introduce and simulate an invisible sensor, i.e., a device that does not produce any scattering and is capable of sensing. Three different geometries are proposed and validated using full-wave simulations. In addition to that, we discuss the stability of the systems that are modulated externally. We believe that this study introduces an alternative paradigm of using time modulations to engineer system responses that can be applied not only to electromagnetic systems (in electronics, microwaves, and optics) but also in other branches of physics.

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“…The relation between the electric current i(t) and the voltage v(t) corresponding to the LTI network is given by (e.g., Refs. [23,41])…”

Section: Emulation Of Arbitrary Dispersive Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emulation Of Arbitrary Dispersive Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time-Modulated Circuits and Metasurfaces for Emulating Arbitrary Transfer Functions

et al. 2023

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“…From a macroscopic point of view, it means that the effective material parameters (like refractive index) become a function of time such that the invariance under time translation is broken. 4,5 Based on this, time as the fourth dimension introduces an additional degree of freedom for controlling wave-matter interactions. 6,7 Indeed, it has been shown that temporal variations of material properties can enhance device functionalities and unveil novel wave phenomena, expanding the horizons of research and applications in the fields of photonics, optics, and electromagnetism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%