A tutorial guide on new particle formation experiments using a laminar flow reactor

Fomete, Sandra K.W.; Johnson, Jack S.; Casalnuovo, Dominic; Jen, Coty N.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105808

Cited by 7 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Future experiments will examine the NPM over a wider range of temperature and RH to determine the impact this has on [B eff ]. The flow reactor system used for these measurements was constantly purged with a mixture of sulfuric acid, nitrogen, and water (Fomete et al, 2021;Ball et al, 1999;Jen et al, 2014). This creates extremely clean and repeatable conditions in the reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baseline measurements are taken daily to verify the flow reactor's cleanliness and repeatability in concentration, temperature, and RH. The method for these baseline measurements is described in Fomete et al (2021). [A 1 ] o and base concentrations ([B]) were measured with a custom-built, transverse atmospheric pressure acetate/hydronium chemical ionization inlet coupled to a long time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Pittsburgh Cluster CIMS, PCC) (Fomete et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A sulfuric acid nucleation potential model for the atmosphere

Johnson

Jen

2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Observations over the last decade have demonstrated that the atmosphere contains potentially hundreds of compounds that can react with sulfuric acid to nucleate stable aerosol particles. Consequently, modeling atmospheric nucleation requires detailed knowledge of nucleation reaction kinetics and spatially and temporally resolved measurements of numerous precursor compounds. This study introduces the Nucleation Potential Model (NPM), a novel nucleation model that dramatically simplifies the diverse reactions between sulfuric acid and any combination of precursor gases. The NPM predicts 1 nm nucleation rates from only two measurable gas concentrations, regardless of whether all precursor gases are known. The NPM describes sulfuric acid nucleating with a parameterized base compound at an effective base concentration, [Beff]. [Beff] captures the ability of a compound or mixture to form stable clusters with sulfuric acid and is estimated from measured 1 nm particle concentrations. The NPM is applied to experimental and field observations of sulfuric acid nucleation to demonstrate how [Beff] varies for different stabilizing compounds, mixtures, and sampling locations. Analysis of previous field observations shows distinct differences in [Beff] between locations that follow the emission sources and stabilizing compound concentrations for that region. Overall, the NPM allows researchers to easily model nucleation across diverse environments and estimate the concentration of non-sulfuric acid precursors using a condensation particle counter.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sulfuric acid nucleation potential model for the atmosphere

Johnson

Jen

2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[Beff] was determined for nucleating systems consisting of sulfuric acid and various combinations of atmospherically relevant bases reacting in an extremely clean and repeatable flow reactor at 300 K and 20% RH (Fomete et al, 2021). [A1]o and base concentrations ([B]) were measured with a custom-built, transverse atmospheric pressure acetate/hydronium chemical ionization inlet coupled to a long time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Pittsburgh Cluster CIMS, PCC) (Fomete et al, 2021). The bases included dilute concentrations of ammonia (NH3), methylamine (MA, CH3NH2), dimethylamine (DMA, (CH3)2NH), and trimethylamine (TMA, C3H9N) (Fomete et al, 2021;Zollner et al, 2012).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[A1]o and base concentrations ([B]) were measured with a custom-built, transverse atmospheric pressure acetate/hydronium chemical ionization inlet coupled to a long time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Pittsburgh Cluster CIMS, PCC) (Fomete et al, 2021). The bases included dilute concentrations of ammonia (NH3), methylamine (MA, CH3NH2), dimethylamine (DMA, (CH3)2NH), and trimethylamine (TMA, C3H9N) (Fomete et al, 2021;Zollner et al, 2012). The tnucl was determined to be 2 s from the modeled centerline velocity of the reactor (Hanson et al, 2017;Panta et al, 2012).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…observed in Figures 1 and 2 (Zhao et al, 2010;Simon et al, 2016;Erupe et al, 2010). Currently, daily baseline measurements were taken following the procedure in Fomete et al (2021) to ensure consistent and stable concentrations of both gas-phase and particle-phase compounds within the flow reactor. Furthermore, the measured particle concentrations are not corrected for detection efficiency as it is not known for electrically neutral sulfuric acid-amine 1-nm particles.…”

Section: Experimental Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comment on acp-2022-35

Williamson¹

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Enhancement of Alkanolamines on Sulfuric Acid Nucleation

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) are extensively used for CO2 capture and consumer products. Despite their prevalence in industrial applications, the fate of alkanolamines in the atmosphere remains relatively unknown. One likely reaction pathway for these chemicals in the atmosphere is new particle formation with sulfuric acid. Here, we present the first experimental results showing the formation of sulfuric acid dimers enhanced by MEA, DEA, and TEA from the measurement of molecular clusters. This study examines the nucleation reactions of MEA, DEA, and TEA with sulfuric acid in a clean, laminar flow reactor. The chemical compositions and concentrations of the freshly nucleated clusters were analyzed using a custom-built atmospheric pressure chemical ionization long time-of-flight mass spectrometer known as the Pittsburgh Cluster CIMS. Quantum chemical calculations and kinetic modeling of sulfuric acid-MEA/DEA/TEA clusters were also performed to determine relative cluster stabilities between these sulfuric acid–base systems. Experimental results indicate that MEA, DEA, and TEA at the part per trillion by volume (pptv) concentrations can enhance sulfuric acid dimer formation rates but to a lesser extent than dimethylamine (DMA). Thus, MEA, DEA, and TEA will potentially play an important role in new particle formation in industrial cities where these alkanolamines are emitted.

show abstract

A tutorial guide on new particle formation experiments using a laminar flow reactor

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

A sulfuric acid nucleation potential model for the atmosphere

A sulfuric acid nucleation potential model for the atmosphere

Comment on acp-2022-35

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Enhancement of Alkanolamines on Sulfuric Acid Nucleation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About