A tunable deep eutectic solvent-based processing for valorization of chestnut wood fiber as a source of ellagic acid and lignin

Moccia, Francesco Domenico; Gallucci, Noemi; Giovando, Samuele; Zuorro, Antonio; Lavecchia, Roberto; D’Errico, Gerardino; Panzella, Lucia; Napolitano, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107773

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…To gain information about the amount of EA contained in the two CWM samples, DMSO solutions of CWM-A and CWM-B were prepared and then analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC after proper dilution in methanol. DMSO was chosen as the solvent based on its ability to dissolve a wide range of most polar and non-polar natural phenolic compounds, including EA [ 50 , 54 , 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these sources, a prominent role is occupied by agri-food by-products such as pomegranate peel [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], although other ellagitannin-rich wastes have recently emerged as possible sources of EA. A noticeable example is represented by chestnut shell [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] as well as chestnut wood fiber, which is the residual exhausted material from chestnut tannin industrial production [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chestnut Wood Mud as a Source of Ellagic Acid for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Moccia

Liberti

Giovando³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Ellagic acid (EA) has long been recognized as a very active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. However, its low bioavailability has often hampered its applications in health-related fields. Here, we report a phospholipid vesicle-based controlled release system for EA, involving the exploitation of chestnut wood mud (CWM), an industrial by-product from chestnut tannin production, as a largely available and low-cost source of this compound. Two kinds of CWM with different particle size distributions, indicated as CWM-A and CWM-B (<100 and 32 µm, respectively), containing 5 ± 1% w/w EA, were incorporated into transfersomes. The latter were small in size (~100 nm), homogeneously dispersed, and negatively charged. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated up to three-fold improvement in the antioxidant properties of CWM upon incorporation into transfersomes. The kinetics of EA released under simulated physiological conditions were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. The best results were obtained with CWM-B (100% of EA gradually released after 37 days at pH 7.4). A stepwise increase in the antioxidant properties of the released material was also observed. Cell-based experiments confirmed the efficacy of CWM-B transfersomes as antioxidant agents in contrasting photodamage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut Wood Mud as a Source of Ellagic Acid for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Moccia

Liberti

Giovando³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…A previously reported procedure was followed, with slight modifications [ 23 ]. Briefly, 10 g of each shell were added to 100 g of ChCl:LA2 containing 20% w / w water, and the mixture was taken under stirring in a Pyrex glass bottle at 120 °C for 24 h. After cooling at room temperature, the mixture was centrifuged (7000 rpm, 4 °C, 10 min) and the solid residue and supernatant were separated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of DESs to form hydrogen bonds or to donate and accept protons confers them good dissolution properties toward phenolic compounds, as recently explored in the case of agri-food wastes. A remarkable example is represented by 1:2 mol/mol chlorine chloride/lactic acid (ChCl:LA2), which has been reported as one of the most efficient solvents for lignin recovery [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

et al. 2022

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Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.

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“…Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth. It is a complex aromatic structure with highly cross-linked amorphous polyphenols composed of three phenol types: namely sinapyl, coniferyl, and p -coumaryl alcohols. − Lignin has been mostly used as a low-value material for heat generation or treated as a waste. , Therefore, there has been extensive research efforts in recent years on exploring various valorization strategies of lignin. − One strategy is the utilization of lignin in polymer composites. Blending PLA with lignin provides an opportunity to prepare a fully biobased composite while exploiting lignin as a value-added material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Extracted Lignin as an Efficient Additive for Entirely Biobased Polylactic Acid Composites

Pawale

Kalia

Alshammari

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This work reports the fabrication and characterization of entirely biobased composites made with polylactic acid (PLA) and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-extracted lignin. White fir sawdust and corn stover were used as feedstocks to extract sawdust lignin (SDL) and corn stover lignin (CSL). Commercial alkali lignin (CAL) was also used as a baseline. PLA/lignin composites were fabricated using a twin-screw extrusion process followed by compression molding. Characterizations of the composites were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile testing. Overall, the results revealed that PLA/DES lignin biocomposites significantly outperform their PLA/CAL counterparts. SEM results indicated the absence of microcracks in PLA/DES lignin morphologies and better lignin dispersion and smaller lignin agglomerates compared with PLA/CAL composites. The initial thermal degradation temperature of PLA slightly dropped by 8−27 °C with the addition of 5−15 wt % DES lignin, compared with a significant reduction of 89−124 °C when incorporating CAL. DSC analysis showed a maximum drop of about 5 and 15 °C in the melt temperature of PLA when DES lignin and CAL lignin, respectively, were added. Moreover, SDL increased the PLA's crystallinity several folds. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA/DES lignin composites were significantly greater than those of PLA/CAL composites, up to a maximum of 1 order of magnitude. The better performance of PLA/DES lignin biocomposites was associated with the high purity, ultrafine particle size, low heterogeneity, and low molecular weight of DES lignin. The results suggest DES lignin as a potential feedstock for entirely biobased high-performance materials.

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A tunable deep eutectic solvent-based processing for valorization of chestnut wood fiber as a source of ellagic acid and lignin

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Chestnut Wood Mud as a Source of Ellagic Acid for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Chestnut Wood Mud as a Source of Ellagic Acid for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Extracted Lignin as an Efficient Additive for Entirely Biobased Polylactic Acid Composites

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