A tunable color palette of electrochromic materials achieved through an ingenious stacking of ordinary conducting polymers

Abstract

Obtaining a wide color gamut and controllable color switching of electrochromic polymers (ECPs) is crucial for advanced applications. In this study we present a full-color palette of ECPs based on...

Substituents and Resonance Effects on the Electrochemical Stability of Polyelectrochromic Triarylamine-Based Polymers

“…After reduction to diamine monomers 1-NH 2 and 2-NH 2 , the characteristic absorption bands of the nitro group disappeared, and the primary amino group characteristic bands appeared at 3454/ 3371 and 3442/3359 cm −1 (N−H stretching), respectively. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of monomers are illustrated in Figure 1 and Figures S3−S10 and agree well with the proposed molecular structures. The signals at 4.78 and 5.61 ppm are assigned to the amino groups of monomers 1-NH 2 and 2-NH 2 , respectively (Figures S7a and S8a).…”

“…1 H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl 3 , ppm): 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 6H), 3.83 (ss, 9H), 6.51 (m, 3H), 6.52 (m, 3H) 6.28 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 4H), 6.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 4H), 7.09 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 4H), 7.13 (m, 3H), 7.97 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 4H). 13…”

“…However, inorganic EC materials are limited in manifesting diverse colors and coloring adjustments. Organic materials such as conducting polymers and viologens have recently become an intensive research topic. − The conducting polymers have several advantages over inorganic compounds as EC materials, including good electrochemical stability, fast switching speed, high coloring efficiency (CE), easy large-area processing, and color tuning through chemical modification. Also, triphenylamine (TPA)-containing polymers have been developed as an attractive family of EC materials because of their colorless neutral state and intriguing EC behaviors. − In recent years, redox-active materials with optical absorption change in the near IR (NIR) region have drawn significant attention due to their potential applications in optical communication, data storage, and thermal control in buildings and spacecraft. ,− For example, Wan et al reported that the quinone-containing EC materials revealed high absorption in NIR upon electrochemical reduction .…”

“…and13 C NMR spectra, ESI mass spectra, TMA, DMA, electrochemical properties, and single-crystal information (PDF) h i b i t e d .…”

Research Progress in Special Engineering Plastic-Based Electrochromic Polymers

“…They should have the characteristics of total reflection of light in the colorless state and full absorption of the visible spectrum in the black state [ 21 ]. Most of the black electrochromic materials are designed based on the color mixing theory; that is, the polymer is introduced with chromophore groups with different absorption wavelengths, and the material absorbs the visible spectrum by adjusting the proportion of different chromophore groups, thereby achieving the black display effect [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. However, such designs typically result in polymers having a higher operating voltage, which is an important factor leading to polymer instability.…”