A Trypsin Inhibitor from Tamarind Reduces Food Intake and Improves Inflammatory Status in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Regardless of Weight Loss

Abstract

Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n = 5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: (1) Cafeteria diet; (2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/kg); and (3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we showed that TTI added to a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.

Satietogenic Protein from Tamarind Seeds Decreases Food Intake, Leptin Plasma and <b><i>CCK-1r</i></b> Gene Expression in Obese Wistar Rats

“…The methodology was established in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Function of Bioactive Proteins (LQFPB) at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, and adapted by Carvalho et al [29]. …”

“…Recent research by our group demonstrated that an isolated trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus indica L. seed (TTI) presents anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities [28, 29]. Ribeiro et al [28] analyzed the influence of TTI in an experimental model of satiety and found that the inhibitor was able to reduce food intake and weight gain of eutrophic animals, possibly by raising plasma CCK.…”

“…Ribeiro et al [28] analyzed the influence of TTI in an experimental model of satiety and found that the inhibitor was able to reduce food intake and weight gain of eutrophic animals, possibly by raising plasma CCK. Carvalho et al [29] tested TTI activity in obese animals with metabolic syndrome and found that there was a decrease in food consumption and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), without reduction of weight gain; however, plasma CCK was not analyzed.…”

Atividade Antitríptica Em Semente E Produto Alimentício De Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.)

“…Ribeiro et al; 21 Serguiz et al; 22 Lima et al; 23 Carvalho et al 24 também isolaram inibidores de tripsina do partido da F2.…”

“…18 Porém, quanto aos inibidores enzimáticos, tem-se observado um potencial terapêutico em sua utilização heteróloga para o tratamento de alguns estados de doença. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Embora os inibidores de tripsina estejam presentes naturalmente no reino vegetal, nas sementes de chia não existe relato na literatura sobre tal presença. Além disso, é importante investigar se esses inibidores comuns em sementes, também se apresentam e se mantêm nos seus produtos, como na farinha.…”