A trusted node–free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network

Joshi, Siddarth Koduru; Aktas, Djeylan; Wengerowsky, Sören; Lončarić, Martin; Neumann, Sebastian Philipp; Liu, Bo; Scheidl, Thomas; Currás-Lorenzo, Guillermo; Samec, Željko; Kling, Laurent; Qiu, Alex; Razavi, Mohsen; Stipčević, M.; Rarity, John; Ursin, Rupert

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0959

Cited by 179 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recent works have established a path towards practical realisation and readiness, by requiring a networked infrastructure of dedicated quantum technologies to upscale capabilities. The essential resource in networked quantum technologies is quantum entanglement, which can be distributed directly [25][26][27][28] or through swapping [3,29] and purification [30,31] operations across an arbitrary topology of quantum nodes [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Heuristically, two attributes of quantum entanglement motivate a networked approach to quantum technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the monogamy of entanglement provides an inherent privacy that cannot be breached [19]. This is particularly suited to quantum cryptography, where QKD enables secure communications between multiple remote network nodes [25]. The impetus to develop quantum communication is primitive and born from the growing threat of quantum computers on the classical cryptosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum repeaters [58][59][60][61][62] can extend this capability by providing efficient routing of entanglement [32][33][34][35]. Quantum networks have emerged in and between major metropolis areas [25,[63][64][65]. Despite significant progress on quantum repeaters, global quantum networks remain a hopeful endeavour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

Self Cite

136

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Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum Internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front-runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in-orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space-based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realise the quantum Internet. The state of art in small satellite missions is reviewed and the most current in-field demonstrations of quantum cryptography are collated. The important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects are summarised. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. The authors conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space-based quantum network.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advances in space quantum communications

Sidhu

Joshi

Gündoğan

et al. 2021

IET Quantum Communication

Self Cite

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Quantum communication 1 has presented a revolutionary step in secure communication due to its high security of the quantum information, and many models including quantum key distribution (QKD) 2 , quantum teleportation 3 , and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) 4 have been developed. Based on QKD technology, many different types of quantum communication networks have been proposed, such as an eight-user quantum communication network using multiple entangled states in the case of trusted node-free 5 , an entanglement-based wavelength-multiplexed quantum communication network 6 , and an integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network 7 . However, these communication networks based on QKD technology only transmit the key, but do not directly transmit information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 15-user quantum secure direct communication network

Huang

et al. 2021

Light Sci Appl

131

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Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) based on entanglement can directly transmit confidential information. However, the inability to simultaneously distinguish the four sets of encoded entangled states limits its practical application. Here, we explore a QSDC network based on time–energy entanglement and sum-frequency generation. In total,15 users are in a fully connected QSDC network, and the fidelity of the entangled state shared by any two users is >97%. The results show that when any two users are performing QSDC over 40 km of optical fiber, the fidelity of the entangled state shared by them is still >95%, and the rate of information transmission can be maintained above 1 Kbp/s. Our result demonstrates the feasibility of a proposed QSDC network and hence lays the foundation for the realization of satellite-based long-distance and global QSDC in the future.

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“…Except for aforementioned QKD networks which are mainly applied for point-to-point communication, there are also small-scale quantum networks having been developed which suit for multi-party quantum communication. In 2020, A city-wide quantum communication network with trusted node-free eight-users was reported [48]. By multiplexing the spectral modes of photons, communication rate can be improved and an entanglement-based 12 wavelengthmultiplexed channels quantum communication network has also been demonstrated [49].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards real-world quantum networks: a review

Wei,

Jing,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Quantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges for implementing a quantum network is to distribute entangled flying qubits to spatially separated nodes, at which quantum interfaces or transducers map the entanglement onto stationary qubits. The stationary qubits at the separated nodes constitute quantum memories realized in matter while the flying qubits constitute quantum channels realized in photons. Dedicated efforts around the world for more than twenty years have resulted in both major theoretical and experimental progress towards entangling quantum nodes and ultimately building a global quantum network. Here, we review the development of quantum networks and the experimental progress over the past two decades leading to the current state of the art for generating entanglement of quantum nodes based on various physical systems such as single atoms, cold atomic ensembles, trapped ions, diamonds with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, solid-state host doped with rare-earth ions, etc. Along the way we discuss the merits and compare the potential of each of these systems towards realizing a quantum network.

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A trusted node–free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network

Cited by 179 publications

References 40 publications

Advances in space quantum communications

Advances in space quantum communications

A 15-user quantum secure direct communication network

Towards real-world quantum networks: a review

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