A trophic interaction framework for identifying the invasive capacity of novel organisms

Penk, Marcin R.; Saul, Wolf‐Christian; Dick, Jaimie T. A.; Donohue, Ian; Alexander, Mhairi E.; Linzmaier, Stefan M.; Jeschke, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12817

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…, Penk et al. ). Some behavioral traits such as activity, aggressiveness, and boldness have repeatedly been associated with invasion success (Weis , Chapple et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral differences in an over‐invasion scenario: marbled vs. spiny‐cheek crayfish

et al. 2018

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New species often invade ecosystems already dominated by previous invaders. Ornamental freshwater crayfish, particularly parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis), increasingly establish in European water bodies where they interact with resident native and non‐native species. Behavioral traits and behavioral syndromes can influence the outcome of these species interactions. The behavior of non‐native crayfish is often studied in notorious invaders but rarely in new and emerging species, although those provide the best opportunity for management. Activity, aggressiveness, and boldness have repeatedly been associated with invasion success and species displacement. Further, crayfish can adapt their behavior after they have established in the new range. We investigated whether marbled crayfish can displace the widely established spiny‐cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus). Specifically, we compared their behavioral traits and evaluated whether these traits differ, using marbled crayfish populations from aquaria and the field and spiny‐cheek crayfish from the field. We staged agonistic encounters, measured activity levels, and recorded the response to a simulated threat of both species and both origins (field and aquarium) in laboratory trials. We found that in agonistic encounters, marbled crayfish were on average more aggressive than spiny‐cheek crayfish, even against larger opponents. Aggressiveness and activity were positively correlated, which is indicative for an aggression syndrome. Marbled crayfish from the field were less active than those from aquaria, but there was no difference in aggressiveness. Marbled crayfish often froze in response to a simulated threat, whereas spiny‐cheek crayfish reacted either offensively or defensively. These results from the laboratory illustrate potentially important behavioral mechanisms behind crayfish over‐invasions and show behavioral plasticity in a species where all known individuals are genetically identical. To better understand the invasion process in nature, the species’ reproductive biology and interactions with other members of the community should be considered. We conclude that the recent success of marbled crayfish in establishing new populations could be influenced by their behavioral flexibility and their potential to competitively persist in the presence of established invasive crayfish.

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“…, Penk et al. ). Some behavioral traits such as activity, aggressiveness, and boldness have repeatedly been associated with invasion success (Weis , Chapple et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can thus be used as comparator organisms sensu Penk et al. (): Comparing marbled crayfish to resident spiny‐cheek crayfish allows assessing the invasive capacity of marbled crayfish. Furthermore, both species are included in the List of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern (EU Regulation 1143/2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral differences in an over‐invasion scenario: marbled vs. spiny‐cheek crayfish

et al. 2018

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“…Competition for food will influence interspecific aggression, and interference by predators affects activity and boldness (Pintor et al, ). Assessments like ours should therefore be extended by including higher‐order predators or direct competition (see Penk et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a mechanistic understanding of individual‐level functional responses: Invasive crayfish as model organisms

Linzmaier

Jeschke

2019

Freshwater Biology

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In novel communities, a rising number of new and emerging invasive species interact with resident species, some of which are non‐native themselves. We implemented an innovative trophic interaction framework for novel communities and quantified the interaction strength and impact potential of a truly novel species (marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis) with a resident non‐native counterpart (spiny‐cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus). As prey, we used Dreissena mussels, which are non‐native as well and now hold a key position in many European and North American aquatic ecosystems. For both crayfish species, we predicted functional responses based on a mechanistic model that we parameterised with a set of experimental observations of foraging behaviour and satiation. We compared these predicted functional responses to empirically observed responses. In addition, we incorporated behavioural traits such as aggression, activity, and boldness in the comparisons between the species and individuals to determine their influence on functional responses. We tested individuals from aquarium stocks as well as naturalised individuals from invaded water bodies. Altogether, we performed 1,095 experiments with 26 individual crayfish. We found that per capita predation of spiny‐cheek crayfish exceeded that of marbled crayfish from aquaria and naturalised individuals. Functional responses differed between species and were mostly higher for spiny‐cheek crayfish males. Marbled crayfish, however, were more voracious and reached satiation more slowly. Consumption rates correlated with aggression for marbled crayfish and with an aggressive threat response for spiny‐cheek crayfish. We conclude that spiny‐cheek crayfish can reach higher short‐term consumption rates than marbled crayfish, but both species probably do not substantially affect Dreissena mussel populations in the field. For marbled crayfish, high long‐term consumption, interspecific aggression, and reproduction rates can promote their establishment and spread. Risk assessments of these invaders should be improved by considering numerical responses, and different prey organisms and predators.

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“…Vonesh, McCoy, Altwegg, Landi & Measey, 2017;Dick et al, 2017b,c), these experiments can provide a rapid impact assessment tool capable of predicting ecological impacts of invasive fishes and other non-native taxa (e.g. Alexander et al, 2014;Penk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Comparative Behavioural Functional Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, they demonstrated that whilst consumption rates of individual invasive P. parva might be relatively low, their propensity for forming highly abundant populations means that when scaled up to population levels, their relative impact potential (Dick et al, 2017a) is substantially elevated and of high ecological concern. Indeed, the development of more nuanced experimental and analytical protocols for comparative functional responses for non-native fishes that are, for example, omnivorous and exploitative competitors, enables increased ecological complexity and realism within predictions, thus providing a more robust and powerful predictive tool (Dick et al, 2017a;Laverty et al, 2017;Penk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Comparative Behavioural Functional Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Britton¹

2019

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Predicting the ecological impacts of invasive fishes is crucial for understanding their risks in the environment. Experimental approaches that provide empirical data on invasion impacts provide both theoretical insights and data of high management utility for prioritising high-risk invaders. Here, a synthesis of some experimental approaches that predict invasion impacts of non-native fish is presented, where the focus is on impacts relating to the trophic impacts of the invader on either native trophically analogous fishes or prey populations. Experiments in tank aquaria are advantageous in providing homogenous and controlled conditions that also enable high replication. Competition-based studies can determine invasion impacts via exposure of fish to fixed food rations, although these experiments tend to produce results in intensely competitive conditions that might not occur in the wild. Comparative functional response experiments in tank aquaria have been successfully applied to determining the relative impacts of invaders compared with native species on prey populations, and have revealed high resource efficiency in globally invasive piscivorous fishes. Experiments completed in mesocosms and small ponds have the advantage of providing replicated systems in semi-natural conditions. They have been successful in revealing that rather than competing with native fishes, many invasive fishes show strong patterns of trophic niche partitioning. These patterns are also evident in these fishes when in natural invaded communities. Thus, whilst it is often suggested invasion impacts from non-native fishes result from inter-specific competition, evidence for this from experimental and field-based predictions is equivocal.

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A trophic interaction framework for identifying the invasive capacity of novel organisms

Cited by 17 publications

References 96 publications

Behavioral differences in an over‐invasion scenario: marbled vs. spiny‐cheek crayfish

Behavioral differences in an over‐invasion scenario: marbled vs. spiny‐cheek crayfish

Towards a mechanistic understanding of individual‐level functional responses: Invasive crayfish as model organisms

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