A tritium permeation model for conceptual fusion reactor designs

Predicting the Residual Stress of Amorphous Al2O3-Y2O3 Nano-Laminated Deuterium Permeation Barrier under Thermal Cycles

“…However, tritium, the fuel of the fusion reactor, is radioactive and can easily permeate through structural materials such as 316L stainless steel, resulting in fuel leakages and hydrogen embrittlement of the structure, and thus threatening the safe operation of the fusion reactor [2,3]. In the tritium cycles of fusion reactor as shown in Figure 1, tritium loss is mainly due to its leakage into the coolant and forming tritiated water (HTO) then exhausted to the outside environment [2,4].…”

“…Hanchar and Kazim analyzed the tritium leakage of starfire-Interim tokamak reactor and obtained a stunning result that the tritium losses in the primary coolant loop exceed 10 3 Ci/day, obviously unacceptable by any standard [4]. The HTO molecule can easily be incorporated into the human body, where it has a half residual life of 10 days according to ICRP Publication 71 [5].…”

“…Thus, the composite coating has a higher permeation resistance than the single layer ones. To explore the effect of introducing multiple interfaces in a nano-thick laminated coating on the thermal cycle behavior of the coating, the residual thermal stress in Al Hanchar and Kazim analyzed the tritium leakage of starfire-Interim tokamak and obtained a stunning result that the tritium losses in the primary coolant loop 10 3 Ci/day, obviously unacceptable by any standard [4]. The HTO molecule can e incorporated into the human body, where it has a half residual life of 10 days acc to ICRP Publication 71 [5].…”