A “Triple W”-Model of Rumination on Sadness: Why Am I Feeling Sad, What’s the Meaning of My Sadness, and Wish I Could Stop Thinking About my Sadness (But I Can’t!)

Raes, Filip; Hermans, Dirk; Williams, J. Mark G.; Bijttebier, Patricia; Eelen, Paul

doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9137-y

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The Leuven Adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (LARSS; Raes, Hermans, Williams, Bijttebier, & Eelen, 2007) The LARSS is a 17-item self-report questionnaire measuring rumination on sadness. Items are rated on a 5-point scale (not at all to very much) for the extent to which they reflect the participant's responses to sadness.…”

Section: Beck Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All items are preceded by the frame sentence ''When I feel sad, down, or blue . Conway, Csank, Holm, & Blake, 2000) with good validity and reliability (Raes, Hermans, Williams, Bijttebier, & Eelen, 2007). (SAD-MEPS;Hermans, Ruys, Vuerstaeck, Van Daele, & Raes, 2007) The original MEPS (Platt & Spivack, 1975) assesses social problem-solving skills.…”

Section: Beck Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: A preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatology

Raes

Williams

Hermans

2009

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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357

359

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Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory retrieval represents an enduring vulnerability factor for depression. The present study is a preliminary evaluation of a newly developed group-based intervention program to increase specificity of memory retrieval. The MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) was administered on a weekly basis for 4 consecutive weeks to 10 inpatients with depressive symptomatology. Whereas earlier studies found that memory specificity does not improve following treatment as usual, the present results showed that participants' retrieval style became significantly more specific following MEST. These results suggest that the MEST may offer a potential and promising intervention to tackle a core cognitive process involved in depression and depressive vulnerability.

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Section: Beck Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beck Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: A preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatology

Raes

Williams

Hermans

2009

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Self Cite

357

359

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“…1 Our first hypothesis was that low dispositional mindfulness would be associated with higher levels of rumination; that is, mindfulness scores on the extended version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS-E; Raes et al 2009;Baer and Smith 2004; also see Dekeyser et al 2008) would be negatively correlated with rumination scores on the Leuven Adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (LARSS; Raes et al 2008). A negative relationship between mindfulness and rumination has been reported previously (Brown & Ryan 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between Mindfulness and Uncontrollability of Ruminative Thinking

2010

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Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the relationship between naturally occurring levels of mindfulness and rumination in students (n=164). As predicted, we found that, when controlling for current depressive symptoms and prior history of depression, mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with rumination, but it was only associated with the extent to which rumination was experienced as uncontrollable, not with global levels of rumination. Furthermore, mindfulness moderated the relationship between global levels of rumination and uncontrollability of rumination, consistent with the suggestion that high dispositional mindfulness reduces the extent to which ruminative reactions tend to escalate into self-perpetuating and uncontrollable ruminative cycles.

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“…Momentary Rumination. Uncontrollable rumination (e.g., Raes et al, 2008) was assessed during the ambulatory assessment protocol with the item "At the moment, I am stuck on negative thoughts and cannot disengage from them", rated on a scale from 0 ("not at all") to 7 ("very much"). This measure has been used previously in ambulatory assessment studies of rumination .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity Among Default Mode, Fronto-Parietal, and Salience Networks Moderates the Lagged Association between Sadness and Rumination in Daily Life

Lydon‐Staley¹,

Kuehner²,

Zamoscik³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Rumination, the perseverative thinking about one's problems and emotions, is a maladaptive response to sadness and a risk factor for the development and course of depression. A critical challenge hampering attempts to promote more adaptive responses to sadness is that the between-person characteristics associated with the tendency to ruminate following depressed mood remain uncharacterized. We examine the importance of between-person differences in blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional networks underlying cognitive control for the moment-to-moment association between sadness and rumination in daily life. We pair functional magnetic resonance imaging with ambulatory assessments measuring momentary sadness and rumination deployed 10 times per day over 4 consecutive days from 58 participants (40 female, mean age = 36.69 years; 29 remitted from a lifetime episode of Major Depression). Using a multilevel model, we show that rumination increases following increases in sadness for participants with higher than average between-network connectivity of the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network. We also show that rumination increases following increases in sadness for participants with lower than average between-network connectivity of the frontoparietal network and the salience network. In addition, we find that the flexibility of the salience network's pattern of connections with brain regions across time is protective against increases in rumination following sadness. Our findings highlight the importance of the neural correlates of cognitive control for understanding maladaptive responses to sadness and also support the value of large-scale functional connectivity networks for understanding cognitive-affective behaviors as they naturally occur during the course of daily life.control where the variables are sample-level parameters and the variables are residual betweenperson differences that may be correlated with one another but are uncorrelated with the variable . Parameters 01 to 09 indicate the effects of person-level default mode network and salience network connectivity, default mode network and fronto-parietal network connectivity, frontoparietal network and salience network connectivity, salience network flexibility, motion, usual sadness, age, sex, and depressive symptoms on rumination. Parameters 11 to 14 indicate how between-person differences in default mode network and salience network connectivity, default mode network and fronto-parietal network connectivity, fronto-parietal network and salience network connectivity, and salience network flexibility moderated the association between the previous moment's sadness on the current moment's rumination. Our simultaneous estimation of multiple cross-level interaction effects (i.e., level 2 variables moderating level 1 variables) provides a parsimonious test of our hypotheses but also follows best-practice recommendations for estimating cross-level interaction effects using multilevel modeling (Aguinis, Gottfreson, & Culpepper, 2013). We ...

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A “Triple W”-Model of Rumination on Sadness: Why Am I Feeling Sad, What’s the Meaning of My Sadness, and Wish I Could Stop Thinking About my Sadness (But I Can’t!)

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: A preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatology

Reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression: A preliminary investigation of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) in inpatients with depressive symptomatology

The Relationship between Mindfulness and Uncontrollability of Ruminative Thinking

Functional Connectivity Among Default Mode, Fronto-Parietal, and Salience Networks Moderates the Lagged Association between Sadness and Rumination in Daily Life

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