A Triple Integration Timing Scheme for SPAD Time of Flight Imaging Sensors in 130 nm CMOS

Morrison, Daniel; Kennedy, Scott; Delic, Dennis; Yuce, Mehmet Rasit; Redouté, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1109/icecs.2018.8617939

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The output of the SPAD front-end is synchronized to the global clock which stops the counters, giving a final count value equal to the number of clock cycles between the start of the frame and the first SPAD event. To improve the timing resolution beyond one clock cycle, the interpolator measures the synchronization time from the SPAD event to the counter stopping, giving a negative modifier to the measured time [5].…”

Section: Stream 2: High Speed Precision Spad Front-end Design With On-chip Photon Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectronic 3D Imaging and Neuromorphic Recognition for Autonomous UAVs

Zappa

Villa

Lussana

et al. 2020

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

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The article addresses the development of highly sensitive, low-light and efficient, miniature single-photon sensor technology based on Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays, its integration on a Flash Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system mounted on a custom built multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platform, for the collection of real time imagery and performance of neuromorphic processing for accurate target detection and classification.

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Section: Stream 2: High Speed Precision Spad Front-end Design With On-chip Photon Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectronic 3D Imaging and Neuromorphic Recognition for Autonomous UAVs

Zappa

Villa

Lussana

et al. 2020

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

Self Cite

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“…Photoelectrons generated by the absorption of individual photons are accelerated by the strong electric field in the diode and undergo an avalanche multiplication process that produces a macroscopic, measurable current through the device [10]. Events detected by the SPAD pixels are often timed on-chip using combinations of time-to-analog converters (TACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) [11,12], or time-to-digital converters (TDCs) [13][14][15], to produce a digital representation of the time of arrival of each detected photon, called a timestamp. Each timestamp T ts is a measure of the time of arrival of a photon detected by the pixel T pixel relative to the generation time of the laser pulse T 0 , according to the relation…”

Section: Tcspc Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Interference Suppression Scheme for TCSPC Flash LiDAR Imagers

Carrara¹,

Fiergolski²

2019

Applied Sciences

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This paper describes an optical interference suppression scheme that allows flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagers to run safely and reliably in uncontrolled environments where multiple LiDARs are expected to operate concurrently. The issue of optical interference is a potential show-stopper for the adoption of flash LiDAR as a technology of choice in multi-user application fields such as automotive sensing and autonomous vehicle navigation. The relatively large emission angle and field of view of flash LiDAR imagers make them especially vulnerable to optical interference. This work illustrates how a time-correlated single-photon counting LiDAR can control the timing of its laser emission to reduce its statistical correlation to other modulated or pulsed light sources. This method is based on a variable random delay applied to the laser pulse generated by LiDAR and to the internal circuitry measuring the time-of-flight. The statistical properties of the pseudorandom sequence of delays determines the effectiveness of LiDAR resilience against unintentional and intentional optical interference. For basic multi-camera operation, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) was used as a random delay generator, and the performance of the interference suppression was evaluated as a function of sequence length and integration time. Direct interference from an identical LiDAR emitter pointed at the same object was reduced up to 50 dB. Changing integration time between 10 ms and 100 ms showed a marginal impact on the performance of the suppression (less than 3 dB deviation). LiDAR signal integrity was characterized during suppression, obtaining a maximum relative deviation of the measured time-of-flight of 0.1%, and a maximum deviation of measurements spread (full-width half-maximum) of 3%. The LiDAR signal presented an expected worst-case reduction in intensity of 25%.

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Neuromorphic Computing for Compact LiDAR Systems

Delic

Afshar

2023

More-Than-Moore Devices and Integration for Semiconductors

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A Triple Integration Timing Scheme for SPAD Time of Flight Imaging Sensors in 130 nm CMOS

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Microelectronic 3D Imaging and Neuromorphic Recognition for Autonomous UAVs

Microelectronic 3D Imaging and Neuromorphic Recognition for Autonomous UAVs

An Optical Interference Suppression Scheme for TCSPC Flash LiDAR Imagers

Neuromorphic Computing for Compact LiDAR Systems

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