“…8 a. Future MMA fabrication could pave the way for more sensitive biomolecule detection 53 . Figure 8 Effect on absorption response with the sensing of ( a ) Glucose and ( b ) Malaria.…”
A hepta-band terahertz metamaterial absorber (MMA) with modified dual T-shaped resonators deposited on polyimide is presented for sensing applications. The proposed polarization sensitive MMA is ultra-thin (0.061 λ) and compact (0.21 λ) at its lowest operational frequency, with multiple absorption peaks at 1.89, 4.15, 5.32, 5.84, 7.04, 8.02, and 8.13 THz. The impedance matching theory and electric field distribution are investigated to understand the physical mechanism of hepta-band absorption. The sensing functionality is evaluated using a surrounding medium with a refractive index between 1 and 1.1, resulting in good Quality factor (Q) value of 117. The proposed sensor has the highest sensitivity of 4.72 THz/RIU for glucose detection. Extreme randomized tree (ERT) model is utilized to predict absorptivities for intermediate frequencies with unit cell dimensions, substrate thickness, angle variation, and refractive index values to reduce simulation time. The effectiveness of the ERT model in predicting absorption values is evaluated using the Adjusted R2 score, which is close to 1.0 for nmin = 2, demonstrating the prediction efficiency in various test cases. The experimental results show that 60% of simulation time and resources can be saved by simulating absorber design using the ERT model. The proposed MMA sensor with an ERT model has potential applications in biomedical fields such as bacterial infections, malaria, and other diseases.
“…8 a. Future MMA fabrication could pave the way for more sensitive biomolecule detection 53 . Figure 8 Effect on absorption response with the sensing of ( a ) Glucose and ( b ) Malaria.…”
A hepta-band terahertz metamaterial absorber (MMA) with modified dual T-shaped resonators deposited on polyimide is presented for sensing applications. The proposed polarization sensitive MMA is ultra-thin (0.061 λ) and compact (0.21 λ) at its lowest operational frequency, with multiple absorption peaks at 1.89, 4.15, 5.32, 5.84, 7.04, 8.02, and 8.13 THz. The impedance matching theory and electric field distribution are investigated to understand the physical mechanism of hepta-band absorption. The sensing functionality is evaluated using a surrounding medium with a refractive index between 1 and 1.1, resulting in good Quality factor (Q) value of 117. The proposed sensor has the highest sensitivity of 4.72 THz/RIU for glucose detection. Extreme randomized tree (ERT) model is utilized to predict absorptivities for intermediate frequencies with unit cell dimensions, substrate thickness, angle variation, and refractive index values to reduce simulation time. The effectiveness of the ERT model in predicting absorption values is evaluated using the Adjusted R2 score, which is close to 1.0 for nmin = 2, demonstrating the prediction efficiency in various test cases. The experimental results show that 60% of simulation time and resources can be saved by simulating absorber design using the ERT model. The proposed MMA sensor with an ERT model has potential applications in biomedical fields such as bacterial infections, malaria, and other diseases.
“…A healthy cell (RBC) has a RI of 1.399. The infected malaria refractive indices are 1.373 and 1.383 in the schizont and trophozoite phases, respectively [46]. The suggested sensor is highly sensitive and has the ability to detect different types of malaria cases, as shown in figure 10.…”
Section: Sensing and Detection Of Malariamentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Malaria is a life threatening disease which affects people worldwide each year [45,46]. A healthy cell (RBC) has a RI of 1.399.…”
Section: Sensing and Detection Of Malariamentioning
This work presented an ultrathin terahertz metamaterial-based sensor in the terahertz region. The suggested design comprised of gold metasurface atop on layer of dielectric spacer and a layer of gold at the bottom. The simulation results display dual frequencies found at 1.04 THz and 2.655 THz with absorptance rate closed to 100%. The suggested design displays sharp peaks and a maximum Q value of 132.75 in the dual-band absorptance profile. Moreover, the suggested sensor displays polarization independence which will eradicate the polarization demand of the device. The dual peaks of the suggested sensor are extremely sensitive to the refractive index variation of surrounding medium. Furthermore, the suggested sensor sensitivity increases up to 0.76THz/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) reaches up to 38 RIU-1 lies between 1 to 2 RI range at 50 μm analyte thickness selected. Additionally, the sensor device has the ability of detection of glucose and malaria infection with high sensitivity and FOM.
This paper presents a new theoretical proposal for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) terahertz metamaterial absorber with five narrow absorption peaks. The overall structure comprises a sandwich stack consisting of a gold bottom layer, a silica medium, and a single-layer patterned graphene array on top. COMSOL simulation represents that the five absorption peaks under TE polarization are at fI = 1.99 THz (95.82%), fⅡ = 6.00 THz (98.47%), fⅢ = 7.37 THz (98.72%), fⅣ = 8.47 THz (99.87%), and fV = 9.38 THz (97.20%), respectively, which is almost consistent with the absorption performance under TM polarization. In contrast to noble metal absorbers, its absorption rates and resonance frequencies can be dynamically regulated by controlling the Fermi level and relaxation time of graphene. In addition, the device can maintain high absorptivity at 0~50° in TE polarization and 0~40° in TM polarization. The maximum refractive index sensitivity can reach SV = 1.75 THz/RIU, and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach FOMV = 12.774 RIU−1. In conclusion, our design has the properties of dynamic tunability, polarization independence, wide-incident-angle absorption, and fine refractive index sensitivity. We believe that the device has potential applications in photodetectors, active optoelectronic devices, sensors, and other related fields.
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