A Triple Band Circularly Polarized Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Transcatheter Pacing System

Sharma, Deepti; Kaim, Vikrant; Kanaujia, Binod Kumar; Singh, Neeta; Kumar, Sachin; Rambabu, Karumudi

doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3145461

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…SAR refers to the absorbed by human body when a wireless device is used and measured in W/Kg. As per the IEEE C95.1-2019 standard [39], for on body application, the accepted average SAR (ASAR) value should not exceed 1.6 (for 1 g tissues) and 2.0 W K −1 g −1 (for 10 g of tissues). In the present MIMO design, the phantom size To demonstrate the novelty of the proposed MIMO antenna, table 6 presents the comparison with other MIMO designs.…”

Section: Analysis Of Specific Absorption Ratio (Sar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

Sharma,

Tiwari,

Singh

2024

Phys. Scr.

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This paper investigates a small size 2×2 wideband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna covering frequency band of 2.61 to 5.52 GHz. The antenna structure consists of elliptical ring patch with multiple circumferential slots. The edge-to-edge separation between the patches are kept 3.6 mm with volumetric dimensions of 30×46×1.6 mm3. The narrow slits are etched in the tapered ground plane to obtain the wideband characteristics. The electromagnetic coupling is improved more than 16 dB by employing the neutralization technique. The measured average gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna are above 2.61dBi and 83.54%, respectively across the operating band. In addition to that, the important MIMO diversity parameters are investigated. The group delay and signal analysis in different orientations are also studied to ensure the quality performance of the antenna. The proposed MIMO antenna is simulated using CST microwave studio and further validated with the measurements. In addition to that, the parallel and orthogonal configuration of 4×4 MIMO antennas are analyzed by extending the proposed 2×2 MIMO design. The 4-port MIMO antennas exhibit the operating frequency bands varying from 2.80 to 5.58 GHz and 3.4 to 5.52 GHz, respectively for parallel and orthogonal MIMO configurations. The diversity parameters of 4-port MIMO antennas are calculated and compared with the measured results to verify its practical applications. Finaly, the SAR analysis of the antenna is presented at 3.08 and 5.20 GHz for 1/10 g tissues and are found 0.111/0.106 and 0.079/0.063 W/Kg, respectively. The proposed MIMO antenna designs are suitable for modern high-speed communication for 5G and sub-6 GHz frequency bands.

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Section: Analysis Of Specific Absorption Ratio (Sar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

Sharma,

Tiwari,

Singh

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…Conformal antenna architectures and higher ISM-band frequencies have been proposed to achieve better efficiencies while the pacemaker remains a small form factor. Fractal-shaped antennas at 915 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz with circular polarizations to deal with antenna misalignment issues have been proposed [12]. Circularly polarized antennas tolerated the uncertain polarization received inside the heart.…”

Section: A Pacemakermentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Microwaves in Medicine

Chiao

Lin

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Microw.

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Advances and updates in medical applications utilizing microwave techniques and technologies are reviewed in this paper. The article aims to provide an overview of enablers for microwave medical applications and their recent progress. The emphasis focuses on the applications of microwaves, in the following order, for 1) signal and data communication for implants and wearables through the human body, 2) electromagnetic energy transfer through tissues, 3) noninvasive, remote or in situ physical and biochemical sensing, and 4) therapeutic purposes by changing tissue properties with controlled thermal effects. For signal and data communication and wireless power transfer, implant and wearable applications are discussed in the categories of pacemakers, endoscopic capsules, brain interfaces, intraocular, cardiac and intracranial pressure sensors, neurostimulators, endoluminal implants, artificial retina, smart lenses, and cochlear implants. For noninvasive sensing, remote vital sign radar, biological cell probing, magnetic resonance and microwave imaging, biochemical, blood glucose, hydration and biomarker sensing applications are introduced. For therapeutic uses, the developments of microwave ablation, balloon angioplasty, and hyperthermia applications are reviewed. The scopes of this article mainly concentrate on the research and development efforts in the past 20 years. Recent review articles on specific topics are cited with accomplishment highlights and trends deliberated. At the end of this article, a brief history of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) Biological Effects and Medical Applications committee and the contributions by its members to the promotion and advancement of microwave technologies in medical fields are chronicled.

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“…Recently, single‐port antennas have been used in many implantable biomedical applications, such as ingestible capsule endoscopy, 1 glucose level identification, 2 retinal prostheses, 3 and cardiac pacemaker systems 4–7 . A flat‐shaped, open‐loop, ultra‐miniaturized implantable antenna has been introduced in Sharma et al 8 to achieve wider bandwidth and triple band. The authors in Yousaf et al 9 suggested an ultra‐miniaturized (9.8 mm 3 ) and ultra‐wideband (1.5 GHz) implantable single input and single output (SISO) antenna to solve detuning challenges in different human tissue environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel wideband fractal‐shaped MIMO antenna for brain and skin implantable biomedical applications

Kangeyan

Karthikeyan

2023

Int J Communication

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Summary A novel fractal‐shaped wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for brain and skin implantable applications. This antenna works in the 2.4–2.48 GHz band of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) standards. The fractal‐shaped wideband MIMO antenna is miniature in size with a footprint of 0.25em0.13normalλ×0.06normalλ×0.01normalλ. Rogers RT/Duroid 6010 high‐dielectric substrate material is used to fabricate the optimized design in order to validate the implantable MIMO antenna structure. The same high‐permittivity substrate material has been used as a superstrate. Experiments were carried out in brain and skin‐mimicking gel at 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of −21.3 dBi at 2.45 GHz. High isolation (>20 dB) between two MIMO ports is attained. The proposed antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 36.76% and an impedance bandwidth of 1.02 GHz. According to IEEE safety regulations for 1‐ and 10‐g tissues, the computed maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) is safe bound.

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A Triple Band Circularly Polarized Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Transcatheter Pacing System

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

Applications of Microwaves in Medicine

A novel wideband fractal‐shaped MIMO antenna for brain and skin implantable biomedical applications

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