A tripartite of HIV-risk for African American women: the intersection of drug use, violence, and depression

Johnson, Sharon; Cunningham-Williams, Renee M.; Cottler, Linda B.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00345-9

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Significantly higher percentages of women who were HIV-positive, had experienced IPV in the past year, and had used hard drugs in the past 30 days exhibited higher depressive symptoms, without adjusting for sociodemographic factors. However, when adjusting for the other SAVA factors, sociodemographic factors, social support and alcohol abuse, only the experience of IPV in the past year and drug use in the past 30 days remained significant, as did reporting low social support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Syndemic Effects of Intimate Partner Violence, HIV/AIDS, and Substance Abuse on Depression among Low-Income Urban Women

et al. 2013

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Intimate partner violence (IPV), HIV/AIDS, and substance use are epidemics among low-income urban women that have been described together as the "SAVA syndemic" because of their co-occurring nature. This study examines the synergistic or "syndemic" effect of these three health issues on depression among urban women and evaluates social support as a protective factor that might reduce depressive symptoms associated with the Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic. Data from 445 urban women were collected through in-person interviews. All women were over the age of 18, not pregnant, English speaking, and reported having a main partner in the past year. Twenty-five percent had experienced all three factors of the SAVA syndemic (were HIV-positive, had experienced IPV in the past year, and had used cocaine or heroin in their lifetime). HIV-positive status, hard drug use, IPV, and low levels of social support were all individually associated with greater depressive symptoms. When controlling for demographics and other SAVA factors, IPV and hard drug use in the past 30 days remained associated with depressive symptoms, as did low social support. However, social support did not modify the effect of the SAVA factors on depression. Compared to women who experienced no SAVA factors, women who had experienced all three factors were 6.77 times more likely to have depressive symptoms. These findings confirm that IPV is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and that the syndemic impact of IPV, substance use, and HIV could have even more extreme effects on depression outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Syndemic Effects of Intimate Partner Violence, HIV/AIDS, and Substance Abuse on Depression among Low-Income Urban Women

et al. 2013

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“…This discrepancy may be related to difficulties controlling for the many possible confounders inherent to this relationship. Only one study 46 measured concurrent IPV, depression, and active substance abuse, finding that this trifecta correlated with increased sexual risk taking.…”

Section: Effect Of Sava On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Mental health issues were identified as described by study authors in terms of drug or alcohol use disorders, depression, PTSD, IPV-related PTSD, mania, psychosis, personality disorders, or mental health problems requiring treatment. Where identified by the study authors, validated measures to assess mental illness are stated.…”

Section: Effect Of Sava On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Abuse, Violence, and HIV in Women: A Literature Review of the Syndemic

Meyer

Springer

Altice

2011

Journal of Women's Health

287

261

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Women in the United States are increasingly affected by HIV/AIDS. The SAVA syndemic-synergistic epidemics of substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS-is highly prevalent among impoverished urban women and potentially associated with poor HIV outcomes. A review of the existing literature found 45 articles that examine SAVA's impact on (1) HIV-associated risk-taking behaviors, (2) mental health, (3) healthcare utilization and medication adherence, and (4) the bidirectional relationship between violence and HIV status. Overall, results confirm the profound impact of violence and victimization and how it is intertwined with poor decision making, increased risk taking and negative health consequences, particularly in the context of substance abuse. Among current findings, there remain diverse and inconsistent definitions for substance abuse, violence, mental illness, adherence, and healthcare utilization that confound interpretation of data. Future studies require standardization and operationalization of definitions for these terms. Development and adaptation of evidencebased interventions that incorporate prevention of violence and management of victimization to target this vulnerable group of women and thereby promote better health outcomes are urgently needed.

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“…Anxiety states have been related to neural response in opiate addicts (Casey, Minoshima, Morrow, Koeppe, & Frey, 1995;Phillips, Young, Senior, Brammer, Andrew, et al, 1997), to shorter stays in treatment, and to relapse after recovery among non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans Compton III, 2003;O'Leary et al, 2000. Previous reports have examined the associations between several mental health conditions and HIV risk behaviors among substance users (Perdue, Hagan, Thiede, & Valleroy, 2003;Stein, Solomon, Herman, Anderson, & Miller, 2003;Williams & Latkin, 2005). Mood disorders such as depression, antisocial personality disorder, and general psychiatric symptomatology have been found to be significantly associated with HIV risk behaviors (Compton, Cottler, Shillington & Price, 1995;Johnson, Cunningham-Williams, & Cottler, 2003;Kelley & Petry, 2000). Woody, Metzger, Navaline, McLellan, and O'Brien (1997) showed that elevated psychiatric symptomatology was associated with sustained HIV risk behaviors as well as HIV seroconversion among patients in methadone programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Severe Anxiety Symptomatology and HIV Risk Behavior Among Hispanic Injection Drug Users in Puerto Rico

Reyes¹,

Robles²,

Colón³

et al. 2006

AIDS Behav

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Despite an overall decrease in AIDS incidence in Puerto Rico, our studies continue to show high prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs). This study seeks to evaluate whether the occurrence of injection-related and sex-related HIV risk behaviors among IDUs in Puerto Rico varies with the presence of anxiety symptomatology. Subjects included 557 IDUs, recruited from street settings in poor neighborhoods in Puerto Rico. Symptoms of severe anxiety were reported by 37.1% of the study sample. Participants with severe anxiety symptoms were more likely to share needles, cotton, and rinse water; to pool money to buy drugs; and to engage in backloading, than those without severe anxiety symptoms. Participants with severe anxiety symptomatology were also more likely to practice unprotected vaginal or oral sex. The findings from this study alert HIV prevention and treatment programs to the need to address anxiety disorders within their programs.

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A tripartite of HIV-risk for African American women: the intersection of drug use, violence, and depression

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

The Syndemic Effects of Intimate Partner Violence, HIV/AIDS, and Substance Abuse on Depression among Low-Income Urban Women

The Syndemic Effects of Intimate Partner Violence, HIV/AIDS, and Substance Abuse on Depression among Low-Income Urban Women

Substance Abuse, Violence, and HIV in Women: A Literature Review of the Syndemic

Severe Anxiety Symptomatology and HIV Risk Behavior Among Hispanic Injection Drug Users in Puerto Rico

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