A Triad of Cardioid Sensors in Orthogonal Orientation and Spatial Collocation—Its Spatial-Matched-Filter-Type Beam-Pattern

Wong, Kainam Thomas; Nnonyelu, Chibuzo Joseph; Yu-hua, WU

doi:10.1109/tsp.2017.2773419

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…If the azimuthal resolution is categorically more important than the elevational resolution, use Configurations (b) and (d). Besides the figure-8 sensor, other directional sensors could be investigated by the interested reader, e.g., the "cardioids" 35 or the "hypioids." 36…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

Muaz

Yu-hua

Wong

et al. 2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A "p-u probe" (also known as a "p-v probe") comprises one pressure-sensor (which is isotropic) and one uni-axial particle-velocity sensor (which has a "figure-8" bi-directional spatial directivity). This p-u probe may be generalized, by allowing the figure-8 bi-directional sensor to have a higher order of directivity. This higher-order p-u probe has not previously been investigated anywhere in the open literature (to the best knowledge of the present authors). For such a sensing system, this paper is first (1) to develop closed-form eigen-based signal-processing algorithms for azimuth-elevation direction finding; (2) to analytically derive the associated Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRB), which are expressed explicitly in terms of the two constituent sensors' spatial geometry and in terms of the figure-8 sensor's directivity order; (3) to verify (via Monte Carlo simulations) the proposed direction-of-arrival estimators' efficacy and closeness to the respective CRB. Here, the higher-order p-u probe's two constituent sensors may be spatially displaced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

Muaz

Yu-hua

Wong

et al. 2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…( 25)-( 27) but there is no 61 in Eqs. ( 22)- (24). Any critical point must simultaneously satisfy Eqs.…”

Section: @ @Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If exactly one zero in {u look ; v look ; w look } From Eqs. ( 22)- (24) for any odd k ! 3, and from Eqs.…”

Section: @ @Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Wong

Song

et al. 2022

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Directional sensors, if collocated but perpendicularly oriented among themselves, would facilitate signal processing to uncouple the azimuth-polar direction from the time-frequency dimension-in addition to the physical advantage of spatial compactness. One such acoustical sensing unit is the well-known "tri-axial velocity sensor" (also known as the "gradient sensor," the "velocity-sensor triad," the "acoustic vector sensor," and the "vector hydrophone"), which comprises three identical figure-8 sensors of the first directivity-order, collocated spatially but oriented perpendicularly of each other. The directivity of the figure-8 sensors is hypothetically raised to a higher order in this analytical investigation with an innocent hope to sharpen the overall triad's directionality and steerability. Against this wishful aspiration, this paper rigorously analyzes how the directivity-order would affect the triad's "spatial-matched-filter" beam's directional steering capability, revealing which directivity-order(s) would allow the beam-pattern of full maneuverability toward any azimuthal direction and which directivity-order(s) cannot. V

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“…Furthermore, a sensor-array's spatial resolution in the azimuth and polar, increases with the size of the array's aperture. As evidenced in [21,22,23,24], recent research has focused on strategies to enlarge this aperture without additional sensors. However, one difficult on widening array's aperture is to avoid side and grating lobes in beamforming and also to avoid cyclic ambiguities in direction finding [25,26,19,27,28]; these problems would be encountered if the inter-sensor spacing exceeds half a wavelength, thereby violating the spatial version of the Nyquist sampling theorem [16,29,30,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aperture Maximization with Half-Wavelength Spacing, via a 2-Circle Concentric Array Geometry that is Uniform but Sparse

Kinyili

Kitavi

Ngari

2019

JAMCS

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This paper proposes a new sensor-array geometry (the 2-circle concentric array geometry), that maximizes the array's spatial aperture mainly for bivariate azimuth-polar resolution of direction-of-arrival estimation problem. The proposed geometry provides almost invariant azimuth angle coverage and oers the advantage of full rotational symmetry (circular invariance) while maintaining an inter-sensor spacing of only an half wavelength (for non-ambiguity withrespect to the Cartesian direction cosines). A better-accurate performance in direction nding of the proposed array grid over a single ring array geometry termed as uniform circular array (UCA) is hereby analytically veried via Cramer-Rao bound analysis. Further, the authors demonstrate that the proposed sensor-array geometry has better estimation accuracy than a single ring array.

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A Triad of Cardioid Sensors in Orthogonal Orientation and Spatial Collocation—Its Spatial-Matched-Filter-Type Beam-Pattern

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Aperture Maximization with Half-Wavelength Spacing, via a 2-Circle Concentric Array Geometry that is Uniform but Sparse

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