A Tri-dimensional Approach to Climate Sciences

Martínez, Eric J. Alfaro; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Maldonado, Tito; Briceño, Paula Marcela Pérez; Sandí, Natalie P. Mora

doi:10.1080/00086495.2018.1435333

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The mechanical rise of this warm and humid air originated in the Pacific, forces condensation, and can be associated with persistent rain over the Pacific slope. A recent example was Tropical Storm Nate in 2017 [10]. These events are called "temporales" if they persist for several days and can cause important stream flows [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two additional important variables to consider when the impacts databases are reviewed, the position of the system relative to the isthmus, and its velocity over the basin [18,19]. If the low pressure is located in the right position to induce a temporal for several days due to its low system velocity, it would cause important damage in the region [10]. Impacts are normally associated with extremely high stream flows or landslides and would have effects in important socioeconomic sectors like agriculture, infrastructure (both public and private), water supply for human consumption, transport, tourism, and others [1,2,[20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Tropical Cyclones’ Critical Positions Associated with Extreme Precipitation Events in Central America

et al. 2020

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Tropical cyclones are one of the most important causes of disasters in Central America. Using historical (1970–2010) tracks of cyclones in the Caribbean and Pacific basin, we identify critical path locations where these low-pressure systems cause the highest number of floods in a set of 88 precipitation stations in the region. Results show that tropical cyclones from the Caribbean and Pacific basin produce a large number of indirect impacts on the Pacific slope of the Central American isthmus. Although the direct impact of a tropical cyclone usually results in devastation in the affected region, the indirect effects are more common and sometimes equally severe. In fact, the storm does not need to be an intense hurricane to cause considerable impacts and damage. The location of even a lower intensity storm in critical positions of the oceanic basin can result in destructive indirect impacts in Central America. The identification of critical positions can be used for emergency agencies in the region to issue alerts of possible flooding and catastrophic events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Tropical Cyclones’ Critical Positions Associated with Extreme Precipitation Events in Central America

et al. 2020

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“…The National Meteorological Institute of Costa Rica (IMN in Spanish) reported that losses in road infrastructure and the coffee industry totalled approximately $15 million US dollars [11]. There are several recent studies showing Hurricane Otto impacts and their spatial distribution [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of WRF-ARW Experiments Using Different Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations to Study the Rapid Intensification and Trajectory of Hurricane Otto (2016)

et al. 2020

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Hurricane Otto (2016) was characterised by remarkable meteorological features of relevance for the scientific community and society. Scientifically, among the most important attributes of Otto is that it underwent a rapid intensification (RI) process. For society, this cyclone severely impacted Costa Rica and Nicaragua, leaving enormous economic losses and many fatalities. In this study, a set of three numerical simulations are performed to examine the skill of model estimations in reproducing RI and trajectory of Hurricane Otto by comparing the results of a global model to a regional model using three different planetary boundary layer parameterizations (PBL). The objective is to set the basis for future studies that analyse the physical reasons why a particular simulation (associated with a certain model setup) performs better than others in terms of reproducing RI and trajectory. We use the regional model Weather Research and Forecasting—Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) with boundary and initial conditions provided by the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis (horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees). The PBL used are the Medium Range Forecast, the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ), and the Yonsei University (YSU) parameterizations. The regional model is run in three static domains with horizontal grid spacing of 27, 9 and 3 km, the latter covering the spacial extent of Otto during the simulation period. WRF-ARW results improve the GFS forecast, in almost every aspect evaluated in this study, particularly, the simulated trajectories in WRF-ARW show a better representation of the cyclone path and movement compared to GFS. Even though the MYJ experiment was the only one that exhibited an abrupt 24-h change in the storm’s surface wind, close to the 25-knot threshold, the YSU scheme presented the fastest intensification, closest to reality.

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“…The University of Costa Rica (UCR) is the largest research institution in Central America [2]. The activities of UCR are distributed among three main areas: teaching, research and outreach [3]. UCR is the largest educational institution in the country serving close to forty thousand students per year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (DFAOP in Spanish) has served as a Regional Training Center (RTC) for the World Meteorological Organization since 1969. UCR alumni can be found in meteorological services, academic institutions and the private sector in many countries in Latin America [3]. Some alumni are directly related to decision making activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Education Program in Operational Meteorology and a Case Study about a Product for Decision Making

Garbanzo-Salas

Jimenez-Robles

2020

IJGI

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An online program developed at the University of Costa Rica provides the professionals working in meteorology a new way to pursue graduate level degrees. The focus of this graduate program is Operational Meteorology and the students need to complete the research and development process of an operational product to graduate. The products created during the program are a solution to operational institutions in need of innovation and can later be incorporated into institutional activities including advisories, warnings and emergency management. A case study included here shows an example of the need that led to the product, the methodologies used for the development and the final operational product created.

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A Tri-dimensional Approach to Climate Sciences

Cited by 7 publications

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Identification of Tropical Cyclones’ Critical Positions Associated with Extreme Precipitation Events in Central America

Identification of Tropical Cyclones’ Critical Positions Associated with Extreme Precipitation Events in Central America

Examination of WRF-ARW Experiments Using Different Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations to Study the Rapid Intensification and Trajectory of Hurricane Otto (2016)

Online Education Program in Operational Meteorology and a Case Study about a Product for Decision Making

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