A treadmill ergometer for three-dimensional ground reaction forces measurement during walking

Belli, Alain; Bui, Phong Nhu; Berger, A.; Geyssant, A.; Lacour, J R

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00125-1

Cited by 132 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…sampling rate of 1,000 Hz on the instrumented treadmill. This treadmill allows measurements of three-dimensional GRF (Belli et al 2001;Divert et al 2005), and to determine Fz1 (force impact peak), tFz1 (time to impact peak) and LR (vertical mean loading rate), which was calculated as the mean value of the time-derivate of VGRF signal within the first 50 ms of the support phase, and expressed in BW s -1 (e.g., De Wit et al 2000). Last, t c and t a were determined from VGRF signal and expressed in seconds.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Running-related stress fractures have been associated with the overall impact intensity, which has recently been described through the loading rate (LR). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of four acute interventions with specific focus on LR: wearing racing shoes (RACE), increasing step frequency by 10 % (FREQ), adopting a midfoot strike pattern (MIDFOOT) and combining these three interventions (COMBI). Nine rearfootstrike subjects performed five 5-min trials during which running kinetics, kinematics and spring-mass behavior were measured for ten consecutive steps on an instrumented treadmill. Electromyographic activity of gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles was quantified over different phases of the stride cycle. LR was significantly and similarly reduced in MIDFOOT (37.4 ± 7.20 BW s ) conditions had no significant effects on LR. Running with a midfoot strike pattern resulted in a significant increase in gastrocnemius lateralis pre-activation (208 ± 97.4 %, P\ 0.05) and in a significant decrease in tibialis anterior EMG activity (56.2 ± 15.5 %, P\ 0.05) averaged over the entire stride cycle. The acute attenuation of foot-ground impact seems to be mostly related to the use of a midfoot strike pattern and to a higher preactivation of the gastrocnemius lateralis. Further studies are needed to test these results in prolonged running exercises and in the long term.

show abstract

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Treadmills capable of measuring three orthogonal components of footfall force are now available (Belli et al 2001), but those measuring only the vertical component are more common. The Biomechanics Laboratory at the National Institute of Education (NIE) in Singapore has a 'Gaitway' (Rao et al 2002), shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Measurement and Analysis Of Real Continuous Walking Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spectral density approach for modelling continuous vertical forces on pedestrian structures due to walking

Brownjohn

Pavić²,

Omenzetter³

2004

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

167

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A limitation of existing walking models used for vibration serviceability assessment of structures carrying pedestrians is that they are typically based on direct measurements of single footfalls replicated at precise intervals. This assumption of 'perfect periodicity' allows walking forces to be modelled as a Fourier series of sine waves having frequencies of the walking pace and its integer multiples. The true imperfection and randomness in walking is currently not taken into account even in more advanced dynamic loading codes of practice and leads to an unknown degree of conservatism.Having this in mind, this paper examines real continuous walking forces obtained from an instrumented treadmill and the effect of their random imperfection through time and frequency domain simulations of structural response.The main conclusions are that there are significant differences between responses due to the imperfect real walking forces and the 'equivalent' perfectly periodic simulation.These differences are most significant for higher harmonics where the simulated vibration response overestimates the real-life behaviour, sometimes significantly. This is mainly due to random imperfections in real walking. Given that a more realistic representation of imperfect walking is an auto-spectral density function, the random character naturally leads to a stochastic approach to treatment of pedestrian loading applied in the frequency domain. The approach can be used for single pedestrians but the 3 benefits are greater for crowd loading where correlation between pedestrians as well as statistics of their pacing rates can be applied directly.

show abstract

“…As interest in time-varying walking and running forces broadened over the last ten years, new tools have been developed for continuous and equally accurate measuring of these forces during a large number of successive cycles and over a wide range of steady-state gait speeds [17]. These tools are based on a treadmill equipped with force sensing elements, hence generally known as instrumented force measuring treadmills (IFMTs).…”

Section: Instrumented Treadmillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of so called Belli's design [17], such as ADAL3D-F [23], all components (including the motor, belt and frame) of each treadmill are mounted on a single metal frame and mechanically connected to the supporting ground only through a pair of three-axial piezoelectric force sensors. The main concern is keeping the natural frequency of the treadmill frames as high as possible [17] so that it approximates a rigid body supported by the force cells. This is achieved by a stiff steel frame which maintains a 'rigid' connection between treadmill components.…”

Section: Double Belt Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Facilities for Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Loads Induced by Humans: A Literature Review

Racić

Pavić

Brownjohn

2013

Shock and Vibration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper provides a critical overview of available technology and facilities for determining human-induced dynamic forces of civil engineering structures, such as due to walking, running, jumping and bouncing. In addition to traditional equipment for direct force measurements comprising force plate(s), foot pressure insoles and instrumented treadmills, the review also investigates possibility of using optical motion tracking systems (marker-based and marker-free optoelectronic technology) and non-optical motion tracking systems (inertial sensors) to reproduce contact forces between humans and structures based on body kinematics data and known body mass distribution. Although significant technological advancements have been made in the last decade, the literature survey showed that the state-of-the-art force measurements are often limited to individuals in artificial laboratory environments. Experimental identification of seriously needed group-and crowd-induced force data recorded on as-built structures, such as footbridges, grandstands and floors, still remains a challenge due to the complexity of human actions and the lack of adequate equipment.

show abstract

A treadmill ergometer for three-dimensional ground reaction forces measurement during walking

Cited by 132 publications

References 9 publications

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

A spectral density approach for modelling continuous vertical forces on pedestrian structures due to walking

Modern Facilities for Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Loads Induced by Humans: A Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About